<b>Trajetória de casos de hanseníase e fatores relacionados/Trajectory of leprosy cases and related factors<b>

Abstract

Objetivou-se analisar a trajetória dos casos diagnosticados com hanseníase e os fatores relacionados, com enfoque nas ações de prevenção e controle preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estudo transversal de natureza descritiva. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário estruturado em visitas domiciliares, com uso do programa Open Data Kit collect. Foram exportados, tratados e analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) v. 24. Para o cálculo do diagnóstico tardio considerou-se três variáveis, bastando a presença de uma: passar por mais de um serviço de saúde; mais de uma vez; ou mais de seis meses entre primeiros sinais e sintomas até o diagnóstico efetivo. Dos participantes: 69,6% aos primeiros sintomas procuraram o serviço de saúde mais próximo; 43,5% procuraram a Unidade Básica de Saúde de referência; 73,9% relataram demora menor ou igual a um mês para consulta; 34,8% diagnosticados em ambulatório de referência; 82,6% diagnosticados tardiamente; não houve participação em sala de espera ou grupo educativo com o tema hanseníase em unidades básicas de saúde de referência; 21,7% negaram acesso a orientações ao autocuidado. Percebeu-se dificuldade operacional evidenciada por diagnóstico tardio e inadequação das ações de prevenção e controle da hanseníase preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Spatial-temporal analysis of leprosy in a priority Brazilian northeast municipality for disease control

“…In this scenario, it was observed an significant number of MB clinical forms, with a predominance of the borderline form, a finding consistent with several investigations (23)(24)(25)(26) and with the epidemiological panorama of 26% increase in these clinical forms over a decade in the country, reaching, in 2018, 77.2% of the detected cases (2) . Such results demonstrate that the bacillus transmission is active and refers to a critical node to be overcome by healthcare services, considering late diagnosis and treatment of the disease (22) .…”

The analysis of evolution in eradicating mortalities caused by infectious diseases in East and Central African Countries coinciding with gross national income

“…The persistence and occurrence of new cases from long-standing and new infectious diseases, besides some transported among all participant countries like TB among HIVnegative and Malaria [13,14] become frequently issues to investigate. Moreover, leprosy is national diseases although there are no recent studies showed its prevalence among participant countries except Global Leprosy Strategy 2016-2020 named Accelerating towards a leprosy-free world was based on strengthening government ownership to stop leprosy and its complication [47]. Our study is the first to describe the significant effect of GNI to the evolution of mortalities caused by infectious diseases through the following hypothesis: Ho: The all means different is not significant and the alternative is that means different is significant at the 0.05 level, and Levene's and Brown-Forsythe test for homogeneity for variances.…”

“…The Levene's and Brown-Forsythe test showed that the new cases recorded on leprosy up to 2015 are almost the same in four countries (Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, and Burundi) and quite different in DRC and Tanzania. This results would be compared with the update report of leprosy since it showed the increment of the recorded number for some countries (Uganda, Tanzania, and DRC) and decrement in Rwanda, unfortunately, some countries did not show their reports (Burundi and Kenya) [47]…”