&lt;I&gt;Bacillus thuringiensis&lt;/I&gt; subsp. &lt;I&gt;kurstaki&lt;/I&gt; Aerial Spray Prescriptions for Balsam Fir Stand Protection Against Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Bauce, Éric; Carisey, Nathalie; Dupont, Alain; Frankenhuyzen, Kees van

doi:10.1603/0022-0493-97.5.1624

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract are transmitted by aerosols produced by coughing and sneezing (26,35,36,37). Insecticidal bacteria, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, may be disseminated by aerosols to control agricultural pests (3). Dissemination of biowarfare agents can occur by the production of an aerosol, and an understanding of survival is important for hazard management (32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell Membrane as a Major Site of Damage during Aerosolization of Escherichia coli

Thomas

Webber

Hopkins

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study aimed to provide data on the survival and site of damage of Escherichia coli cells following aerosolization using two different techniques, nebulization and flow focusing. Four metabolic stains were assessed for their ability to detect respiratory activities and membrane homeostasis in aerosolized E. coli cells. The degree of sublethal injury increased significantly over the 10-min period of aerosolization in E. coli cells aerosolized by using the Collison nebulizer, reaching up to 99.9% of the population. In contrast, a significantly lower proportion of the population was sublethally damaged during aerosolization using the flow-focusing aerosol generator (FFAG). Concomitantly, loss of membrane homeostasis increased at a higher rate in nebulized cells (68 to 71%) than in those aerosolized by using the FFAG (32 to 34%). The activities of respiratory enzymes decreased at increased rates in nebulized cells (27 to 37%) compared to the rates of decrease in cells aerosolized by using the FFAG (59 to 61%). The results indicate that the physiology of an aerosolized bacterium is linked to the method of aerosol generation and may affect the interpretation of a range of aerobiological phenomenon.Aerosolization of bacteria has importance from medical, agricultural, and biodefense perspectives. Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract are transmitted by aerosols produced by coughing and sneezing (26,35,36,37). Insecticidal bacteria, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, may be disseminated by aerosols to control agricultural pests (3). Dissemination of biowarfare agents can occur by the production of an aerosol, and an understanding of survival is important for hazard management (32). In all these examples, for the aerosolized bacteria to exert an effect, they must remain viable in the aerosolized state for a period of time.The physiological status of bacteria changes with time spent in the aerosolized state. Loss of culturability on plating media is often biphasic, being defined by an initial rapid decline over the first few minutes followed by further decline at a lower rate (13,39,41,48). The initial process of aerosolization, for example, nebulization, will impart device-dependent mechanical stress, such as physical shear and wall impaction, resulting from operation of the pressurized system (33,34,38). After aerosolization, a number of parameters will contribute to loss of viability in the airborne bacteria, including temperature, particle size, desiccation (relative humidity), UV radiation, oxidative shock, and toxic pollutants (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, and "open air factor") (9,10,13,16,20,36,42,43,46,48). Furthermore, bacteriological factors, such as growth phase or sporulation state, will influence survival (8, 9). Bacteria have been proposed to enter the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state as a result of both aerosolization and impingement. VBNC cells represent a physiological state where bacteria cannot be cultured on nonselective agar yet retain certain...

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confidence: 99%

The Cell Membrane as a Major Site of Damage during Aerosolization of Escherichia coli

Thomas

Webber

Hopkins

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The lepidopteran defoliators are pests of coniferous forests mainly in Canada and the USA. In both countries, the control of forests defoliators relies mostly on the use of Bt strain, kurstaki HD1, producing Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa toxins (van Frankenhuyzen 2000; Bauce et al 2004). Successful application of Bt is highly dependent on proper timing, weather conditions and high dosage of spray applications.…”

Section: Bt Toxin As Bioinsecticide Spraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Successful application of Bt is highly dependent on proper timing, weather conditions and high dosage of spray applications. These factors combine to determine the probability of larvae ingesting lethal dose (van Frankenhuyzen 2000; Bauce et al 2004). The use of Bt in the control of defoliators has resulted in a significant reduction in the use of chemical insecticides for pest control in the forests.…”

Section: Bt Toxin As Bioinsecticide Spraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bt Insecticidal Crystal Proteins: Role in Insect Management and Crop Improvement

2015

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“…Examples for defoliators able to kill trees are the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar feeding on leaves from oaks and aspens, Choristoneura spruce budworms, Neodiprion sawflies and the pine beauty moth Panolis flammea living from conifer needles and the hemlock looper Lambdina fiscellaria whose early developmental stages feed predominantly on new shoots, older ones on the total foliage (van Frankenhuizen et al 2000). Classical biological insect control programs in forests are based on spray application of Bacillus thuringiensis and its ingestion together with endotoxins (Bt toxins) produced by the bacterium (Cibulsky et al 1993, Evans 1997, van Frankenhuizen et al 2000, Bauce et al 2004. Within the insects, the toxins are believed to destruct transmembrane potentials resulting in osmotic lysis of cells lining the insect´s midguts (Aronson & Shai 2001, Whalon & Wingerd 2003.…”

Section: Biological Control Of Harmful Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood production, wood technology, and biotechnological impacts

Kües¹

2007

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<I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>kurstaki</I> Aerial Spray Prescriptions for Balsam Fir Stand Protection Against Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

The Cell Membrane as a Major Site of Damage during Aerosolization of Escherichia coli

The Cell Membrane as a Major Site of Damage during Aerosolization of Escherichia coli

Bt Insecticidal Crystal Proteins: Role in Insect Management and Crop Improvement

Wood production, wood technology, and biotechnological impacts

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