<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antiplasmodial activity of extracts from <i>Polyalthia suaveolens, Uvaria angolensis and Monodora tenuifolia</i> (Annonaceae)

Abstract

The present study aimed at investigating the in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of malaria parasites to crude extracts and fractions from Polyalthia suaveolens, Uvaria angolensis, and Monodora tenuifolia. The ethanolic extracts were partitioned using water, dichloromethane, hexane, and methanol. The most promising fraction was subjected to column chromatography. The antiplasmodial effect of extracts, fractions and subfractions against P. falciparum Chloroquine resistant (PfK1) strain was determined using SYBR green florescence assay. The promising fraction was assessed for cytotoxicity against Human Foreskin Fibroblast (HFF) cells and further for safety in Swiss albino mice and suppressive effect against P. berghei. The methanol sub-fraction of P. suaveolens [PStw(Ace)] showed the highest potency with IC 50 of 3.24 µg/mL. Sub-fraction PS8 from PStw(Ace) was the most active with IC 50 of 4.42 µg/mL. Oral administration of PStw(Ace) at 5000 mg/kg b.w in mice showed no signs of toxicity. Also, it exerted the highest suppressive effect against P. berghei at 400 mg/kg b.w throughout the 4 days experiment. Overall, the results achieved supported the use of the three plants in the traditional treatment of malaria in Cameroon. More interestingly, the PStw(Ace) fraction might be of interest in future development of an antimalarial phytodrug.

Malaria prevalence and In vitro susceptibility of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> isolates to selected antimalarial agents in Bauchi, Nigeria

“…The survey showed that the prevalence of malaria cases were more among the female gender than the male. This observation agreed with workers' reports on malaria (Edogun et , 2017;Nas et al, 2017). This increase in prevalence among females that reported for medical advice could be as result of decreased immunity particularly among pregnant women that make them more susceptible to infection (Nas et al, 2017).…”

“…Malaria a prevalent tropical disease in sub-Saharan Africa that accounted for the highest global mortality of 584 000 (90%) in 2013 (Mfopa et al, 2017). About 50% of the Nigerian population will have at least one episode of malaria annually while children below the age of five (about 24 million) will have two to four attacks annually (WHO, 2016).…”

Antiplasmodial, antioxidant and toxicological study of leaves extracts of Dalbergia katangensis Lecheneaud (Fabaceae) from Eastern DR Congo

“…katangensis extracts sufficiently reduced parasitemia in the animals on day 7 of observation (Table 3) and these reductions in parasitemia were dose dependent. This situation is observed in plants with antimalarial activity in the rodent model and constitutes one pledge of their activities [49][50][51]. According to the classification previously proposed [52], all extract presented a good antiplasmodial activity in vivo.…”

Contribution to the ethnobotanical inventory of medicinal plants used for the treatment of typhoid fever in Adamaoua region, Cameroon

“…Despite the permanent progress in pharmaceutical companies, resistance to different drug classes (Mfopa et al, 2017;Etou et al, 2019) has become an increasingly important problem (Madhulika et al, 2004, Lakshmi et al, 2006 especially in Subsahelian Africa where the income of ¾ of the total population do not allow them to afford and/or achieve antibiotherapy. In addition, although three vaccines are currently recommended by the WHO to prevent typhoid: an injectable vaccine on the purified Vi antigen (aka ViPS vaccine), the live attenuated oral Ty21a vaccine in the first instance and the latest generation typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), there is to date no vaccine against paratyphoid fever (Agwu et al, 2009).…”