“…The absorption maximum is comparable to that of propolis nanoparticles reported by Jayakumar et al. [31]. Though the absorption maximum remains unchanged, the intensity of the absorption band increases gradually with the volume fraction of ethanol, supporting the previous notion that more aromatic acids were extracted in higher volume fractions of ethanol.Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…It is clear that the propolis particles are fluorescent, emitting violet light, as previously reported by Jayakumar et al. [31]. While the emission color remains unchanged, the fluorescent intensity was confirmed to have a tendency to increase with volume fraction of ethanol.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Propolis extracts were prepared according to procedures reported by Jayakumar et al. [31] with modifications. Briefly, 5 g of raw propolis was cut into small pieces and suspended in 125 mL ethanol-water mixtures with different volume fractions (from 0.0 to 1.0) of ethanol (96%).…”
In this study, the physicochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial properties, and the toxicity of propolis particles produced by stingless bee Heterotrigona itama found in Brunei Darussalam were investigated. Propolis particles of different sizes were extracted from raw propolis using various volume fractions of ethanol in water. Spectroscopic analyses were utilized to characterize the chemical structures, functional groups, as well as absorbance and fluorescence properties. The total antioxidant capacity of propolis particles, which was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, was found to increase with volume fraction of ethanol. The maximum antioxidant capacity was as high as 317.65 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per gram of propolis particles. All of the propolis particles showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The diameters of the inhibition zone were either significantly higher or equivalent to those of two standard antibiotics (rifampicin and streptomycin), suggesting strong antibacterial activity. The toxicity studies of propolis particles against Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that they are non-toxic after 24 h exposure. Overall findings suggest that H. itama propolis particles are not only an important source of natural antioxidants that could be beneficial for human health, but they have potentials as antimicrobial against bacteria.
“…The absorption maximum is comparable to that of propolis nanoparticles reported by Jayakumar et al. [31]. Though the absorption maximum remains unchanged, the intensity of the absorption band increases gradually with the volume fraction of ethanol, supporting the previous notion that more aromatic acids were extracted in higher volume fractions of ethanol.Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…It is clear that the propolis particles are fluorescent, emitting violet light, as previously reported by Jayakumar et al. [31]. While the emission color remains unchanged, the fluorescent intensity was confirmed to have a tendency to increase with volume fraction of ethanol.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Propolis extracts were prepared according to procedures reported by Jayakumar et al. [31] with modifications. Briefly, 5 g of raw propolis was cut into small pieces and suspended in 125 mL ethanol-water mixtures with different volume fractions (from 0.0 to 1.0) of ethanol (96%).…”
In this study, the physicochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial properties, and the toxicity of propolis particles produced by stingless bee Heterotrigona itama found in Brunei Darussalam were investigated. Propolis particles of different sizes were extracted from raw propolis using various volume fractions of ethanol in water. Spectroscopic analyses were utilized to characterize the chemical structures, functional groups, as well as absorbance and fluorescence properties. The total antioxidant capacity of propolis particles, which was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, was found to increase with volume fraction of ethanol. The maximum antioxidant capacity was as high as 317.65 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per gram of propolis particles. All of the propolis particles showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The diameters of the inhibition zone were either significantly higher or equivalent to those of two standard antibiotics (rifampicin and streptomycin), suggesting strong antibacterial activity. The toxicity studies of propolis particles against Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that they are non-toxic after 24 h exposure. Overall findings suggest that H. itama propolis particles are not only an important source of natural antioxidants that could be beneficial for human health, but they have potentials as antimicrobial against bacteria.
“…Therefore, there is a pressing need to find new techniques to increase the potential of propolis. Recent studies (Jayakumar et al 2013;Do Nascimento et al 2016) reported the encapsulation of propolis extract in nanoparticulate systems. Chitosan was used to obtain nanoparticles.…”
Section: Nano-propolis In Animal Health and Productionmentioning
Nanotechnology is the science and technology of small and specific things that are <100 nm in size. Because of the size of nanomaterials, new changes in their chemical and physical structure may occur, and indicate higher reactivity and solubility. Many of nanotechnology applications in food and agricultural production are being developed in research and development settings. Global challenges are related to animal production, including environmental sustainability, human health, disease control, and food security. Nanotechnology holds promise for animal health, veterinary medicine, and some areas of animal production. Nanotechnology has had application in several other sectors, and its application in food and feed science is a recent case. Especially, natural nano antimicrobials obtained from different techniques such as nano-propolis are useful to veterinary medicine in terms of health, performance, and reliable food production. Nano-propolis is a nano-sized (1-100 nm in diameter) propolis particles tied together to make it more effective without changing its properties by changing the size of propolis by different methods. Propolis have many advantages such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antifungal activity, etc. The consumption of free form of propolis restricts these benefits due to low bioavailability, low solubility, low absorption, and untargeted release. Different nanoencapsulation technologies are used to obtain nano-propolis. Nano-propolis are more easily absorbed by the body because they have a size smaller. Nano-propolis is also more effective than propolis in terms of antibacterial and antifungal activity. This review focuses on some recent work concerning the uses of nanotechnology in animal health or human health using animal models, and the effectiveness of nanotechnology on natural supplements such as propolis used in animal nutrition and animal health.
“…Propolis was made into nanoparticles and was proved efficient as an anti cancer drug. 21 Phyllanthus niruri belongs to the family Euphorbiacea and known for its pharmacological properties of against various cancers. [22][23][24] Our present study aims to assess the anticancer activity of nanoformulated Phyllanthus niruri for prostate cancer therapeutics by introducing novel system of using stable nanoparticles of the extract, thereby improving the bioavailability of drug at target site.…”
Prostate cancer is ranked second leading cause of cancer death, globally. Conventional treatment strategies hold very limited scope as cancer advances in grade. Treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy possess adverse side effects which lead us to explore the natural products as anticancer agents. The main aim of present work is to bring together the advantages of ayurvedic formulations with that of modern nanotechnology. Phyllanthus niruri is an ayurvedic plant that has shown its potential as an effective anticancer agent in prostate cancer and its ability as an effective apoptosis inducer as well as an antimetastatic agent in cancer cells. In order to increase the bioavailability of P. niruri extract, stable nanoparticles were prepared and its effect was studied. Size analysis by DLS and SEM revealed the average size of nanoparticles prepared was 150 ± 50 nm. In vitro haemolysis and coagulation assay confirmed the blood biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity showed concentration and time dependent toxicity on prostate cancer cells with cell viability of 35% with maximum concentration in 48 hrs.The prepared nanoparticles showed a significant decrease in clonogenity and wound healing capacity. On the whole the above characteristics of P. niruri nanoparticles make it a valuable candidate for prostate cancer therapy.
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