&lt;p&gt;An assessment of the ocular tear film in patients with thyroid disorders&lt;/p&gt;

Alanazi, Saud A.; Alomran, Abdullah A; Abusharha, Ali; Fagehi, Raied; Aljohani, Naji; El‐Hiti, Gamal A.; Masmali, Ali M.

doi:10.2147/opth.s210044

“…Dry eye is a complex ocular disorder affecting a large percentage of the global population. The condition has been associated with aging [ 49 ], smoking [ 36 ], diabetes [ 37 ], thyroid gland disorders [ 38 ], and vitamin A and D deficiencies [ 41 , 43 ]. In addition, it is more prevalent among females [ 21 ], possibly due to tear film disturbances resulting from changes in sex hormones [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors

Alanazi

¹

,

El‐Hiti

²

,

Al-Madani

³

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To evaluate the dry eye symptoms and ocular tear film in young female subjects with refractive errors (RE) using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), phenol red thread (PRT) and tear ferning (TF) tests. Methods. A group of 50 young female subjects (mean ± standard division = 20.3 ± 1.1 years) with RE (−0.25 to −6.00D) completed the study. An age-matched control group consisting of 50 healthy normal eye female subjects (22.2 ± 1.5 years) was recruited for comparison. The OSDI was completed first, followed by PRT and TF tests. Results. Median OSDI and TF scores were significantly higher (Mann–Whitney test; P < 0.001 ) among the study group subjects [median (interquartile range (IQR)) = 13.5 (15.3) and 1.6 (1.3), respectively] compared to the control group [6.0 (4.0) and 0.9 (0.8), respectively], whereas the median PRT score was significantly lower (Mann–Whitney test; P = 0.003 ) in the study group [(27.5 (6.3) mm] compared to the control group [29.5 (5.0) mm]. For subjects within the mild RE group (N = 30), significant differences (Mann–Whitney test, P < 0.001 to 0.005) were found between the median OSDI, PRT, and TF scores and those recorded within the control group. For the subjects with moderate RE (N = 20), significant differences (Mann–Whitney test, P < 0.001 to 0.002) were found between the median OSDI and TF scores, and those recorded within the control group. Conclusion. The presence of RE in young females has a negative effect on tear film in terms of dry eye symptoms, tear volume, and TF grades. Dry eye symptoms experienced by subjects with RE and the TF grades were significantly higher compared with the control group. In addition, the tear volume was significantly lower in the study group. Clearly, RE has a risk factor for dry eye.

show abstract

“…To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to utilize the tear ferning test to assess the tear film within subjects having a BMI. Recently, various studies showed that TF tests along with other dry diagnostic tests can be used efficiently to assess the ocular tear film 25–29…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Assessment of tear film in subjects with a high body mass index</p>

Alanazi¹

2019

OPTO

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the tear film in subjects with a high body mass index (BMI). Methods Twenty male subjects aged 23–42 years (mean ± standard deviation =31.3±5.7 years) with a high BMI [median (interquartile range) =31.8 (5.2) kg/m 2 ] were recruited. An age-matched control group of twenty male subjects aged 22–38 years with a normal BMI [20.5 (2.8) kg/m 2 ] also participated in the study. Results There were significant (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; P <0.05) differences in the BMI, non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), and tear ferning (TF) scores between the study and control groups. There were some differences in the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear meniscus height (TMH), and phenol red thread (PRT) scores between the study and control groups, but these differences were not significant (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; P >0.05). For the study group, the NITBUT and TF tests mean scores showed a dry eye condition (8.5±2.8 s and 2.0±1.1, respectively). However, these two tests showed a normal eye condition within the control group (14.7±2.8 s and 0.7±0.6, respectively). The TMH score had strong correlations with the NITBUT ( r =0.711; P =0.001) and PRT scores ( r =0.566; P =0.009) and strong negative correlations with age ( r =–0.503; P =0.024) and the OSDI scores ( r =–0.520; P =0.018). The TF score had a strong correlation with age ( r =0.579; P =0.007) and strong negtive correlations with the scores from the NITBUT ( r =–0.525; P =0.018), TMH ( r =–0.575; P =0.008), and PRT ( r =–0.773; P =0.001) tests. Conclusion The acquired data suggest a high BMI has an effect on the quality of tears. The quality of tears seems to be lower in subjects with a high BMI compared with normal subjects. On the other hand, the tear volume in subjects with a high BMI was just as high and adequate as for normal eye subjects.

show abstract

“…16 In a study that assessed ocular tear in cases with thyroid disorders, a high level of eye dryness was found. 17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In a study that assessed ocular tear in cases with thyroid disorders, a high level of eye dryness was found. 17 The disease has an inflammatory, active phase that can have rapidly worsening symptoms and signs, usually subsiding over 1 to 2 years (range = 6 months to 5 years), which gives way to a static plateau phase that is the fibrotic, inactive phase. In this phase, gradual improvement of inflammatory signs can be seen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Surface Changes in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease: An Observational Clinical Study

Allam¹,

Lazreg

²

,

Shaheen³

et al. 2021

OPTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background This study aimed to compare ocular surface parameter changes in active and inactive thyroid eye disease (TED) patients and controls. Methods This is an observational clinical study that included 60 eyes divided into three groups following clinical activity score (CAS) assessment. The first group (Group A) comprised 20 eyes with active TED (CAS score ≥3/7), while the second group (Group B) comprised 20 eyes with inactive TED (CAS score <3/7) and the third group (Group C) comprised 20 eyes of controls without dry eye manifestations. The palpebral fissure height, degree of proptosis, degree of lagophthalmos, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer test without anesthesia, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer thickness (LLT), meiboscore, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and thyroid antibodies were assessed and data were compared between study participants. Results The mean OSDI was 40.0 ±5.80 in Group A, which significantly differed from Group B with a mean of 26.5 ±5.10 (p=0.02). There were significant differences between the two groups regarding palpebral fissure height (p=0.02), amount of proptosis (p=0.008), and degree of lagophthalmos (p=0.001). Similarly, active TED patients had more decreased tear secretion than inactive TED patients (p=0.012). Moreover, active TED patients showed a significant increase in Meibomian gland loss areas in both upper and lower eyelids compared with inactive TED patients (p=0.001). Corneal fluorescein staining also revealed a statistically significant difference between the studied groups (p=0.0001). Conclusion This study showed differences regarding ocular surface parameter changes between both active and inactive TED and compared to controls. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

show abstract

<p>An assessment of the ocular tear film in patients with thyroid disorders</p>

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors

Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors

<p>Assessment of tear film in subjects with a high body mass index</p>

Ocular Surface Changes in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease: An Observational Clinical Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About