<p>Antiviral potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles of <em>Lampranthus coccineus</em> and <em>Malephora lutea</em></p>

Abstract

Background Viral and microbial infections constitute one of the most important life-threatening problems. The emergence of new viral and bacterial infectious diseases increases the demand for new therapeutic drugs. Purpose The objective of this study was to use the aqueous and hexane extracts of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea F. Aizoaceae for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and to investigate its possible antiviral activity. In addition to the investigation of the phytochemical composition of the crude methanolic extracts of the two plants through UPLC-MS metabolomic profiling, and it was followed by molecular docking in order to explore the chemical compounds that might contribute to the antiviral potential. Methods The formation of SNPs was further confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antiviral activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT assay against HSV-1, HAV-10 virus and Coxsackie B4 virus. Metabolomics profiling was performed using UPLC-MS and molecular docking was performed via Autodock4 and visualization was done using the Discovery studio. Results The early signs of SNPs synthesis were detected by a color change from yellow to reddish brown color. The TEM analysis of SNPs showed spherical nanoparticles with mean size ranges between 10.12 nm to 27.89 nm, and 8.91 nm 14.48 nm for Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea aqueous and hexane extracts respectively. The UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis showed an absorption peak at λmax of 417 nm.The green synthesized SNPs of L. coccineus and M. lutea showed remarkable antiviral activity against HSV-1, HAV-10, and CoxB4 virus. Metabolomics profiling of the methanolic extract of L. coccineus and M. lutea resulted in identifying 12 compounds. The docking study predicted the patterns of interactions between the compounds of L. coccineus and M. lutea with herpes simplex thymidine kinase, hepatitis A 3c proteinase, and Coxsackievirus B4 3c protease, which was similar to those of the co-crystal inhibitors and this can provide a supposed explanation for the antiviral activity of the aqueous and nano extracts of L. coccineus and M. lutea . Conclusion These results highlight that SNPs of L. coccineus and M. lutea could have antiviral activity against HSV-1, HAV-10, and CoxB4 virus.

Biogenic nanoparticles: a comprehensive perspective in synthesis, characterization, application and its challenges

“…Despite the facts, concerning the toxicity of metallic nanoparticles through the chemical methods, an alternative strategy should be adopted. Recently, Haggag et al [ 179 ] postulated the green synthesized silver NPs of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea and performed splendid antiviral activity against HSV-1, HAV-10, and CoxB4 viruses. The antiviral activity of silver NPs can plausibly confirm that silver NPs bind with viral envelope glycoprotein and inhibit the process.…”

Plant-Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Salvia officinalis: Characterization and its Antiplasmodial Activity

“…Among others, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest in the present scenario due to their unique physicochemical properties such as morphology structure, size distribution and surface charge, high catalytic property, high conductivity and thermal stability, and antibacterial effect [2]. In addition, their significant biomedical applications such as anticancer [3], antibacterial [4], mosquitocidal activity [5], antifungal [6], anti-inflammatory [7], anti-viral [8] have put them in the limelight in medicine.…”

Macrophage Metabolomics Reveals Differential Metabolic Responses to Subtoxic Levels of Silver Nanoparticles and Ionic Silver

“…Moreover, the interest in silver nanoparticles beyond their antibacterial action has risen in recent years. This is mainly due to their multiple biological activities, such as the ability to elicit antiviral,, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory responses , . The interaction of AgNPs with innate immune cells constitutes an important facet of their bioactivity, not only because these cells are key mediators of NP‐induced toxicological outcomes, but also because AgNPs can modulate immune cell functions in the absence of direct cytotoxicity …”