Abstract:Objective: Screening approaches using microRNAs (miRNAs) have been gaining increased attention owing to their potential applications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer, because aberrant miRNA expression plays a role in the development and advancement of malignancies. The objectives of this study were to characterize mir21, miR31, mir143, mir145, and control RNU43, which are differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of breast and colorectal cancer patients, compar… Show more
“…In a previous study, the expression level of miR-205 increased during the pathogenesis in Escherichia coli- infected bovine mastitis ( 11 ), indicating that the regulatory effects of miRNA might be different in mastitis with varying types of bacterial infection. Kundaktepe et al ( 44 ) reported that the expression level of miR-143 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of breast cancer patients significantly decreased, which could be used as a breast cancer biomarker. In addition, human miR-143 can inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the gene expression of MAPK3 ( 45 ), MAPK7 ( 46 ), MYBL2 ( 47 ), CD44 ( 48 ), and ERBB1 ( 49 ) in cooperation with protein levels and phosphorylation status of AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, SAPK/JNK, and FAK of NF-κB signaling pathways and multiple oncoproteins in JAK/STAT signaling pathway ( 50 ).…”
As the main pathogen causing dairy cow mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus can cause subclinical mastitis, which is difficult to be diagnosed. It seriously affects milk quality and the economic benefits of the dairy industry. Therefore, it is very necessary to find biomarkers for early diagnosis of S. aureus-infected mastitis in peripheral blood of dairy cows. In this study, S. aureus was used to infect the mammary gland tissues of dairy cows, and a mastitis model was successfully constructed. The RNAseq technology was used to determine the expression profiles of microRNA (miRNA) from peripheral blood of dairy cows infected with S. aureus at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. A total of 288 differentially expressed miRNAs (DIE-miRNAs) were found, of which 108 were known miRNAs and 180 were novel predicted miRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that the above DIE-miRNAs might be involved in 10 immune system-related signaling pathways (i.e., chemokine signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and ECM-receptor interaction), thus regulating the process of S. aureus mastitis. It was also found that the expression variation of up-regulated expression of miR-320a, miR-19a, and miR-19b as well as down-regulated expression of miR-143, miR-205, and miR-24 reached a significant level on the 5th and 7th day of infection, suggesting that they might play an important biological role in mastitis and provide a direction for the research and development of molecular therapy technology for mastitis. However, at different times after S. aureus infection, miR-1301 was significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood. miR-2284r was significantly down-regulated, suggesting that these two miRNAs might be the new blood biomarkers for S. aureus-infected dairy cow mastitis. The above results laid a new foundation for the research and development of molecular diagnosis and biological therapy technology for S. aureus-infected mastitis in dairy cow.
“…In a previous study, the expression level of miR-205 increased during the pathogenesis in Escherichia coli- infected bovine mastitis ( 11 ), indicating that the regulatory effects of miRNA might be different in mastitis with varying types of bacterial infection. Kundaktepe et al ( 44 ) reported that the expression level of miR-143 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of breast cancer patients significantly decreased, which could be used as a breast cancer biomarker. In addition, human miR-143 can inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the gene expression of MAPK3 ( 45 ), MAPK7 ( 46 ), MYBL2 ( 47 ), CD44 ( 48 ), and ERBB1 ( 49 ) in cooperation with protein levels and phosphorylation status of AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, SAPK/JNK, and FAK of NF-κB signaling pathways and multiple oncoproteins in JAK/STAT signaling pathway ( 50 ).…”
As the main pathogen causing dairy cow mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus can cause subclinical mastitis, which is difficult to be diagnosed. It seriously affects milk quality and the economic benefits of the dairy industry. Therefore, it is very necessary to find biomarkers for early diagnosis of S. aureus-infected mastitis in peripheral blood of dairy cows. In this study, S. aureus was used to infect the mammary gland tissues of dairy cows, and a mastitis model was successfully constructed. The RNAseq technology was used to determine the expression profiles of microRNA (miRNA) from peripheral blood of dairy cows infected with S. aureus at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. A total of 288 differentially expressed miRNAs (DIE-miRNAs) were found, of which 108 were known miRNAs and 180 were novel predicted miRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that the above DIE-miRNAs might be involved in 10 immune system-related signaling pathways (i.e., chemokine signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and ECM-receptor interaction), thus regulating the process of S. aureus mastitis. It was also found that the expression variation of up-regulated expression of miR-320a, miR-19a, and miR-19b as well as down-regulated expression of miR-143, miR-205, and miR-24 reached a significant level on the 5th and 7th day of infection, suggesting that they might play an important biological role in mastitis and provide a direction for the research and development of molecular therapy technology for mastitis. However, at different times after S. aureus infection, miR-1301 was significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood. miR-2284r was significantly down-regulated, suggesting that these two miRNAs might be the new blood biomarkers for S. aureus-infected dairy cow mastitis. The above results laid a new foundation for the research and development of molecular diagnosis and biological therapy technology for S. aureus-infected mastitis in dairy cow.
“…As mentioned previously, miR-21 is overexpressed in breast cancer patients promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and thereby acts as oncomiR, 49 while miR-31, miR-143, and miR-145 are known to be under-expressed in breast cancer patients inhibiting cell proliferation. 99 , 100 However, in colorectal cancers, the expression of miR-21 and miR-31 shows different behavior where overexpression of those miRNAs can be seen in colorectal patients promoting inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. 88 In such a situation, it is worth counting the synergistic effects of miRNAs in such cancer types that can occur as second de novo malignancy in cancer survivors.…”
Section: Association Between Breast and Colorectal Cancersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 88 In such a situation, it is worth counting the synergistic effects of miRNAs in such cancer types that can occur as second de novo malignancy in cancer survivors. 100 Figure 2 illustrates the possible connection to the occurrence of colorectal cancer in females with a history of breast cancer. Figure 2 Occurrence of colorectal cancer in female breast cancer patients/survivors.…”
Section: Association Between Breast and Colorectal Cancersmentioning
Breast and colorectal cancers are two primary malignancies on which most of the research done worldwide investigates the potential genetic and environmental risk factors and thereby tries to develop therapeutic methods to improve prognosis. Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer type in women, while colorectal cancer is diagnosed in males as the third most and females as the second most cancer type. Though these two cancer types are predominantly seen in adult patients worldwide, in the current context, these malignancies are diagnosed at a younger age with a significant rate of incidents than previous. Such early-onset cancers are generally present at an advanced stage of the most aggressive type with a poor prognosis. In the past, the focus of the research was mainly on studying possible candidate genes to understand the onset. However, it is now recognized that genetics, epigenetics, and other environmental factors play a pivotal role in cancer susceptibility. Thus, most studies were diversified to study the behavior of host microRNAs, and the involvement of gut microbiota and good communication between them surfaced in the occurrence and state of the disease. It is understood that the impact of these factors affects the outcome of the disease. Out of the adverse outcomes identified relating to the disease, immunosuppression is one of the most concerning outcomes in the current world, where such individuals remain vulnerable to infections. Recent studies revealed that microbiome and microRNA could create a considerable impact on immunosuppression. This review focused on the behavior of host microRNAs and gut microbiome for the onset of the disease and progression, thereby influencing an individual’s immunosuppression. Understanding the interactions among microRNA, microbiome, presentation of the disease, and impact on the immune system will be immensely useful for developing future therapeutic strategies based on targeting host microRNA and the patient’s gut microbiome. Therapies such as inhibitory-miRNA therapies, miRNA mimic-based therapeutics, immune checkpoint blockade therapies, and bacteria‐assisted tumor‐targeted therapies help modulate cancer. At the same time, it paid equal attention to potential noninvasive biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics in both cancers.
“…Growing evidence indicates that circulating miRNAs are noninvasive molecular markers and predictors of disease activity [8]. MiR-21 is involved in different types of tumors [9,10] and diseases related to increased oxidative stress and inflammation [11,12]. COPD is a systemic inflammatory syndrome [13] and systemic miR-21 and IL-8 are both increased in COPD, acting as indicators of COPD severity [14].…”
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) periodically experience acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Carbocysteine represents a valid add on therapy in COPD by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The in vivo effects of carbocysteine on inflammatory markers are not yet fully understood. The aims of this study were to assess: (i) miR-21, IL-8, soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE), and fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Products (fAGEs) in control subjects (n = 9), stable (n = 9), and AECOPD patients (n = 24); and (ii) whether carbocysteine modifies these markers and the functional parameters in mild AECOPD patients. Mild AECOPD patients received or not carbocysteine along with background inhalation therapy for 20 days. At the onset and at the end of the observation period, the following parameters were evaluated: FEV1, FEF25–75%, CAT questionnaire; miR-21 by Real Time PCR; IL-8 and sRAGE by ELISA; and fAGEs by spectro-fluorescence method. COPD patients showed higher levels of miR-21, IL-8, fAGEs and lower levels of sRAGE compared to that of controls. miR-21 inversely correlated with FEV1. IL-8 and fAGEs were significantly different in stable and exacerbated COPD patients. Carbocysteine improved symptoms, FEV1 and FEF25–75%, increased sRAGE, and reduced miR-21, IL-8, and fAGEs in mild AECOPD patients. The present study provides compelling evidence that carbocysteine may help to manage mild AECOPD by downregulating some parameters of systemic inflammation.
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