<p>Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia Associates with Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators in Overweight/Obese but Not in Lean Adolescents</p>

Abstract

Purpose In overweight/obese adolescents, asymptomatic hyperuricemia is associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its components, and a higher cardiometabolic risk. Whether similar associations exist in lean hyperuricemic adolescents is unknown. Subjects and Methods In 2424 adolescents (51.9% females) aged 16–19 years, anthropometric variables, blood pressure, uric acid, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and renal function were determined. Continuous cardiometabolic score was calculated. Normouricemic vs hyperuricemic subjects were compared among lean and overweight/obese individuals of both sexes. Results Females (5.4%) and males (13.3%) presented with hyperuricemia; among them 63% of females and 53% of males were lean. In both sexes, hyperuricemic lean and hyperuricemic overweight/obese adolescents displayed similar uric acid concentrations (eg, males: 455±30 vs 461±32 µmol/L, respectively, p =0.933). Lean normouricemic adolescents manifested significantly lower uric acid levels than their overweight/obese peers (eg, males: 333±46 vs 357±41 µmol/L, respectively, p <0.001). Lean normouricemic and hyperuricemic subjects presented similar cardiometabolic score (eg, males: 2.60±0.67 vs 2.64±0.60, respectively, p =0.998); among overweight/obese adolescents those with hyperuricemia displayed higher scores compared with their normouricemic counterparts (eg, males: 3.36±1.04 vs 4.21±1.65, respectively, p <0.001). A decision-tree model revealed phenotypes associated with higher uricemia, however, distribution of individuals with hyperuricemia among phenotypes was random. Conclusion In lean adolescents, hyperuricemia is not associated with cardiometabolic profile indicating an increased risk. Existence of this rather prevalent phenotype remains undetected unless lean and overweight/obese subjects are analyzed separately. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the potential clinical consequences of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in lean subjects in later life.

Potentials of Hyperuricemia and Insulin Levels in Predicting Hypertension in Obese Children: A Cross-sectional Study

“…In its explanation, we can mention the issue of puberty and hormones because girls' puberty happens earlier and at a younger age. The studies by Sebekova et al and Lin et al in 2020 were in line with our findings that showed hyperuricemia and hypertension were greater in females than in males (44,45).…”

Prevalence and determinants of hyperuricemia in multi-ethnic Belgian population of inner-city living children and adolescents with obesity

“…The prevalence of hyperuricemia in our obese pediatric sample is in line with previously reported percentages between 12 and 40% [16, [37][38][39][40]. However, comparing prevalences of hyperuricemia between studies is complicated as different de nitions of hyperuricemia are often used and there is no accepted international standard to de ne hyperuricemia in children.…”

Risk Assessment of Dyslipidemias, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, and Hypertension Utilizing Self-Reported Body Silhouettes

“…Uric acid seems to have antioxidant activity in the extracellular environment; however, once it enters the intracellular environment (i.e., vascular smooth muscle cells and adipocytes), this molecule has harmful effects, which include the inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, the induction of platelet aggregation, and pro-inflammatory activity. Thus, it has been proposed that hyperuricemia could independently increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal disease, gout, and CVD [ 29 ], mainly in patients with overweight and obesity [ 30 ]. Moreover, anthropometric variables such as the BMI have been significantly correlated with serum uric acid levels (male: r = 0.235, female: r = 0.140) [ 31 ].…”