<p>Campus Policy on Tobacco Prohibition and Tobacco Use among Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Investigation Based on the Perspectives of School Personnel</p>

Abstract

Background: Schools in sub-Saharan Africa respond to the widespread use of tobacco among youth with the tobacco-prohibition policies. This study empirically examined the impact of the strength of campus tobacco-prohibition policies on tobacco use among youth across 20 sub-Saharancountries. Methods: This study used data from the Global School Personnel Survey across 20 sub-Saharan countries during 2005-2011. Respondents comprised 7,365 school personnel (valid sample size) from Cameroon,

Global Population Aging, National Development Level, and Vulnerability to the Pandemic

“… 52 For short-term deaths (eg, day-10 and day-20 deaths), developing countries show significant additional mortality risks. Besides inadequate health systems in developing countries, this finding may also point to greater prevalence of tobacco use in developing countries, where the poor, less educated, and illiterate account for a higher population proportion, 44 , 45 as smoking-related comorbidities have been found to be closely associated with the severity of symptoms of this pandemic. 39 Further, when taking sex difference and age subgroups into consideration, countries with a higher proportion of older males face higher risks, among which those with a higher proportion of males aged 70–74 years are at highest risk.…”

“… 34 Studies have demonstrated higher prevalence of tobacco use in areas with great social vulnerability, where populations face poverty, and the less educated and illiterate account for a large percentage. 44 , 45 Therefore, in the initial phase of the pandemic, where the run on medical resources is yet to happen, developed areas may have the advantage of completer health systems and better economic support.…”

Socioeconomic disadvantages and vulnerability to the pandemic among children and youth: A macro-level investigation of American counties

“…The policy intervention has long been insufficient to protect the health of children and youth in underdeveloped areas ( Li, Yuan & Zeng, 2020a ). During the period of cholera, the rich had a lower risk of getting infected due to having more access to healthy drinking water ( Clouston et al, 2016 ).…”