<p>Communication Of Cancer Cells And Lymphatic Vessels In Cancer: Focus On Bladder Cancer</p>

Abstract

Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and causes the highest lifetime treatment costs per patient. Bladder cancer is most likely to metastasize through lymphatic ducts, and once the lymph nodes are involved, the prognosis is poorly and finitely improved by current modalities. The underlying metastatic mechanism for bladder cancer is thus becoming a research focus to date. To identify relevant published data, an online search of the PubMed/Medline archives was performed to locate original articles and review articles regarding lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in urinary bladder cancer (UBC), and was limited to articles in English published between 1998 and 2018. A further search of the clinical trials.gov search engine was conducted to identify both trials with results available and those with results not yet available. Herein, we summarized the unique mechanisms and biomarkers involved in the malignant progression of bladder cancer as well as their emerging roles in therapeutics, and that current data suggests that lymphangiogenesis and lymph node invasion are important prognostic factors for UBC. The growing knowledge about their roles in bladder cancers provides the basis for novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, more basic and clinical research needs to be conducted in order to identify further accurate predictive molecules and relevant mechanisms.

<p>Ribosome Binding Protein 1 Correlates with Prognosis and Cell Proliferation in Bladder Cancer</p>

“…Bladder cancer is one of the most common urological carcinomas in the world. [1][2][3] It is reported that the incidence of bladder cancer is still increasing. 4,5 Furthermore, bladder cancer presents a high recurrence rate and mortality rate because of the absence of typical symptoms at the early stage.…”

Factors Associated With Colorectal Cancer Screening Among First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Colorectal Cancer in China

“…In Guanghzou, an economically developed city in China, CRC heredity clinics have been set up to improve the prevention and treatment of relatives of patients with CRC since July 2015 22 . In hereditary CRC clinics, oncology nurses will screen out high-risk FDRs based on the information about patients and family members 34 . Disease-related lectures and screening information counseling are provided for FDRs; however, our data indicate that their screening behavior has not demonstrably improved.…”

“…At present, determination of how high-risk family members can be identified as early as possible has become an important issue. In Guanghzou, an economically developed city in China, CRC heredity clinics have been set up to improve the prevention and treatment of relatives of patients with CRC since July 2015 22 . In hereditary CRC clinics, oncology nurses will screen out high-risk FDRs based on the information about patients and family members 34 .…”

“…First-degree relatives usually receive screening recommendations from doctors and nurses while accompanying patients with CRC during medical treatment; however, studies on CRC screening behavior and its related factors among the population in Asian regions are still limited 22 …”

Immune Microenvironment Terms Signature Robustly Predicts the Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer Based on Large Population Cohorts

“… Mukherjee et al (2018 ) revealed that intratumoral CD56 + NK cells were frequent in lymphoid tissues and associated with better prognosis, while CD56 − NK cells were the opposite. Meanwhile, a systemic review conducted by Wu et al (2019 ) indicated that lymphangiogenesis and lymph node invasion might influence cancer cell spread. Also, lymph vessels could affect tumor immunity (for instance, transporting antitumor CD8 + T cells) to hamper localized tumor tissues playing a dual role in the tumor environment.…”