<p>Drug-Induced Movement Disorders and Its Associated Factors Among Patients Attending Treatment at Public Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia</p>

Abstract

Background: Antipsychotic medications have both beneficial and undesired effects at a dose used for treatment purposes. Among undesired effects caused by antipsychotics, movement disorders are prevalent. However, there is no study done to determine the prevalence of movement disorders that occurred due to antipsychotics and their determinants in eastern Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed to find out the prevalence of drug-induced movement disorders and its determinants among patients who had been on follow-up at public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2018 at HFSUH and Jugal hospital. Extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS) was used to identify patients with drug-induced movement disorders in a sample of 411 outpatients. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the sample. Logistic regression was done to identify factors associated. Results: A drug-induced movement disorder was found in 44% of the participants: Of this, 27.3% had drug-induced pseudo-Parkinsonism, 21.2% had drug-induced akathisia, 9.5% had drug-induced tardive dyskinesia, and 3.4% had drug-induced tardive dystonia. Being female was associated with pseudo-Parkinsonism (AOR=3.6, 95% CI: 2.03, 6.35), akathisia (AOR=4.9, 95% CI: 2.73, 8.78), and tardive dyskinesia (AOR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.86) and being male with tardive dystonia (AOR=4.6, 95% CI: 1.8, 18.5). Alcohol use was associated with tardive dyskinesia (AOR= 5.89, 95% CI: 2.20, 15.69). Conclusion: Drug-induced movement disorder in this study was high and nearly half of patients on antipsychotic treatment were experiencing it. Age, sex, and doses of antipsychotics were factors associated with all of the types of drug-induced movement disorders.

Drug-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia

“…The study found 51% patients were over 45 years old (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.07-6.38) and 55% of patients were women (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.08-5.86). [2] These findings indicate that women and age > 45 years are at risk of developing TD. Other TD risk factors can be seen in Table 1.…”

“…[1] The prevalence of druginduced movement disorders was 44% in Ethiopia. [2] Until date, there is no specific study of the prevalence of drug-induced movement disorders in Indonesia.…”

“…Lacking updated information also creates a barrier in the diagnosis and management of patients. [2] Early identification of TD can avoid future complications, however, the presenting symptoms may be atypical. [12] The earlier the condition of TD is treated, the fewer complications that will arise.…”

“…[12] The earlier the condition of TD is treated, the fewer complications that will arise. [2] Therefore, it is very important for clinicians to diagnose and treat TD as quickly as possible. Delay in treatment often causes TD to be irreversible.…”

Frequency of Socio-Demographic Factors and Variety of Substances used by Drug Induced Psychotic Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital

“…Drug overdoses are a major public health concern around the world [1]. Opioid users are more likely to die prematurely due to a variety of factors such as opioid variety, drug overdose, and prescription opioids [2]. Over the last few decades, the global rate of fatal drug overdoses has risen, owing primarily to prescription drug overdoses, particularly opioids [2].…”