&lt;p&gt;Effects of Surface Characteristics of Polymeric Nanocapsules on the Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Antimalarial Quinine&lt;/p&gt;

Michels, Luana Roberta; Maciel, Tamara Ramos; Nakama, Kelly Ayumi; Teixeira, Flavia Elizabete Guerra; Carvalho, Felipe Barbosa de; Gündel, André; Araújo, Bibiana Verlindo de; Haas, Sandra Elisa

doi:10.2147/ijn.s227914

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…16,58 Both formulations presented SPAN below two with a low standard deviation, indicating homogeneity of the particles in nanosuspension. 55,57 The mean diameter of NM-Cl 0.25% was significantly greater than FCN, probably by incorporation of chlorhexidine in the oily phase. 59 The pH of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was more basic than FCN (Table 1), and there was difference between the zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% (positive) and FCN (negative).…”

Section: Development and Characterization Of Aqueous-based Chlorhexidmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The solutions were filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (EMD Millipore) before injection into the equipment. 53,[55][56][57] Subsequently, all samples were quantified by HPLC.…”

Section: (D) Dosing and Encapsulation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The encapsulation rate was calculated by the difference between the concentration of chlorhexidine (described in the dosage) in the formulation and the amount present in the aqueous phase of the suspension (ultrafiltrate). 53,[55][56][57] In Vitro Assay…”

Section: (D) Dosing and Encapsulation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cationic zeta potential allows a greater interaction with the cell membrane due to the difference in charges, enabling greater affinity between the particle-membrane and, consequently, greater biological performance. 55,61 In Vitro Assay…”

Section: Development and Characterization Of Aqueous-based Chlorhexidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Chlorhexidine mechanism of action is on the plasmatic membrane 25,28 and the cationic zeta potential of the NM-CL 0.25% allows a greater interaction with cell membrane, consequently generating a better performance of the formula. 55,60 The reduction in the size of the molecule may potentiate mechanisms of passive cellular absorption and facilitate the drug to enter the microorganism cell, resulting in an increase in antimicrobial activity and in a better therapeutic index. 16,25 This mechanism could justify the best action of NM-Cl in the study, presenting smaller MIC than those of CS-Cl and bacteriostatic effect at lower concentrations.…”

Section: Development and Characterization Of Aqueous-based Chlorhexidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation</p>

Risso

Stopiglia

Oliveira

et al. 2020

IJN

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Introduction: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v). Methods: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal-Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann-Whitney test was performed when difference was detected. Results: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p<0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.

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Section: Development and Characterization Of Aqueous-based Chlorhexidmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The solutions were filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (EMD Millipore) before injection into the equipment. 53,[55][56][57] Subsequently, all samples were quantified by HPLC.…”

Section: (D) Dosing and Encapsulation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%