<p>Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Patients with Diabetes Referred to a Diabetes Centre in Kermanshah</p>

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar (BS) levels and the change in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and insulin resistance, and is one of the main causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Among the different types of complications, which have many negative effects on personal and social life, diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is very important. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the severity of DFU among patients with diabetes. Methods: The study participants included 190 diabetic patients with a diagnosis of DFU. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire for self-care awareness and functions in diabetic patients and Wagner's scale. The questionnaire was answered in cooperation with patients and the Wagner's score was estimated by a wound supervisor in the diabetes center. Results: There was 109 women (57.4%). Twenty-six patients had other diabetic complications as well as DFU. The average score of awareness in patients was 6.99±2.76 and the function was 62.22±9.92. The results found a direct relation between the age and the duration of illness with the score of the patient's awareness (P=0.008, P=0.000). There was also a direct relation between the level of education with score of awareness and the score of function in self-care (P=0.000, P=0.000), but the statistical results did not find any relation between awareness and the function in self-care of patients with the severity of DFU (P>0.05). Discussion: There was no relation between the self-care awareness and function with severity of DFU (P>0.05) that can be due to the more relation between DFU severity with hygiene and physical factors after the disease and the effect of awareness and function would be only in the incidence of the DFU. Conclusion: Awareness and function of patients in self-care is less than average. Increasing awareness of patients and empowering them through appropriate training can be effective in preventing diabetic foot ulcers.

<p>Factors Related to Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Systematic Review</p>

“…33 Also, in Ghobadi et al's study, cardiovascular complications showed more in DFU patients. 34 Brennan et al stated that ulcer severity is a more significant predictor of subsequent mortality than other complications. 18 Coagulase-negative Staphylococcusbacteria isolated from DFU were correlated with severity of DFU.…”

“…Although it is not known precisely which complication of diabetes has more effect, it appears that the effect of microvascular complications is more than others in the severity of DFU. 33,34 Inadequate vascular status was another factor in DFU severity. 35 High BS, FBS and BS 2 hours after breakfast have been reported as other effective factors (P<0.05, P=0.026, P=0.016).…”

Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa dan Dihubungkan dengan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Ulkus Kaki Diabetik

“…WHO (2018) menjelaskan bahwa kualitas hidup merupakan persepsi individu yang dikaitkan dengan tujuan, harapan, dan minat terhadap dirinya sendiri. UKD juga berdampak pada ekonomi keluarga dan sistem kesehatan, karena biaya perawatan yang mahal, selain itu juga dapat menyebabkan gangguan fisik dan emosi, sehingga dapat memperburuk kualitas hidup (Ghobadi et al, 2020). Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Alosaimi dkk., (2019); Khunkaew, Fernandez, (2019); Wukich, Raspovic, (2018); Siersma et al, (2017), yang melaporkan bahwa pasien UKD mempunyai kualitas hidup yang buruk.…”

Early Detection to Prevent Foot Ulceration among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient: A Multi-Intervention Review

“…In relation to the behavior of early detection of diabetic foot in type 2 DM patients, a person will take health actions such as early detection if he has confidence in vulnerability, seriousness of a disease, benefits, obstacles in taking action and taking into account self-effica- cy or self-confidence in carrying out an action plus the existence of cues to action (cues to action) both from within and or outside the individual. 6,7 Nowadays, technological advances have developed rapidly, accompanied by the increasing use of the internet and smartphones as a means of communication in everyday life. In addition, the current use of smartphones is mainly based on Android, which is also used as a means of accessing health information in the form of telemedicine or telenursing.…”

“…In relation to the behavior of early detection of diabetic foot in type 2 DM patients, a person will take health actions such as early detection if he has confidence in vulnerability, seriousness of a disease, benefits, obstacles in taking action and taking into account self-efficacy or self-confidence in carrying out an action plus the existence of cues to action (cues to action) both from within and or outside the individual. 6,7…”