<p>Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats</p>

Abstract

Background and purpose: Ginsenoside Rg1 (GS Rg1), as an important active substance of Panax ginseng, has been proven to have elaborate cardioprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to detect that GS Rg1 attenuates cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (DM). Methods: Cardiac function was assessed by heart rate and blood pressure. Markers relevant to myocardial oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory reaction factors were detected. The mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Results: GS Rg1 treatment significantly reduced the symptoms of cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension, and also decreased oxidative stress, inflammation response, NF-κB expression and NLRP3 inflammasome expression. GS Rg1 enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing PGC-1α, complex III and complex Ⅳ expression. GS Rg1 treatment significantly increased the expression of AMPK, Nrf2 and HO-1 in cardiac tissues. Conclusion: GS Rg1 exhibited protective effect against STZ-induced cardiac dysfunction, which is potentially associated with AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway.

Natural Drugs as a Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Disease through the Regulation of Oxidative Stress

“…Ginsenoside Rg1 may play a role in antioxidant defense by upregulating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In addition, it exhibited protective effects against STZ-induced cardiac dysfunction [ 53 ]. Further studies indicated that Rg1 increased cell survival, promoted the expression of antioxidant proteins, and reduced ROS and apoptosis through the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway [ 54 ].…”

Efficacy and safety of Shenqi Jiangtang Granules plus oral hypoglycemic agent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…[ 43 ] Ginsenoside Rb1 may protect against cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation through AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway. [ 44 ] And it may synergistically promote fecal β-d-glucosidase activity with Ginseng polysaccharides to display hypoglycemic activity. [ 45 ] Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the main bioactive ingredient extracted from the root of astragalus membranaceus, is widely used in diabetic cardiomyopathy treatment through regulating the expression of ATF6 and PERK related factors of ER stress pathway, [ 46 ] activating AMPK pathway to improve insulin sensitivity, [ 47 ] and activating SOD2 enzyme to protect cellular mitochondrial ultrastructure, to reduce cell poptosis and inhibit oxidation.…”

<p>Calpain-10 drives podocyte apoptosis and renal injury in diabetic nephropathy</p>

“…Random blood glucose (RBG) levels were measured in blood draw from the caudal vein of each animal with a portable glucometer (One Touch ® Ultra, LifeScan, Johnson & Johnson, CA, USA). After 1 week, the rats with≥16.7 mmol/L fasting blood glucose for 3 consecutive days was recognized as diabetic ones; otherwise, they were excluded from the study 16–18. After establishing the diabetes, the DN group rats were continued to be fed with high fat diet to induce diabetic nephropathy,19 and further the DN group rats were euthanized at 3 time points (week 4, 8, and 12 post confirming the diabetes).…”