<p>High loads of nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene nanoribbon composites guided bone regeneration using an osteoporotic animal model</p>

Abstract

BackgroundIt has been difficult to find bioactive compounds that can optimize bone repair therapy and adequate osseointegration for people with osteoporosis. The nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp)/carbon nanotubes with graphene oxides, termed graphene nanoribbons (GNR) composites have emerged as promising materials/scaffolds for bone regeneration due to their bioactivity and osseointegration properties. Herein, we evaluated the action of nHAp/GNR composites (nHAp/GNR) to promote bone regeneration using an osteoporotic model.Materials and methodsFirst, three different nHAp/GNR (1, 2, and 3 wt% of GNR) were produced and characterized. For in vivo analyses, 36 Wistar rats (var. albinus, weighing 250–300 g, Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais [CEUA] n.002/17) were used. Prior to implantation, osteoporosis was induced by oophorectomy in female rats. After 45 days, a tibial fracture was inflicted using a 3.0-mm Quest trephine drill. Then, the animals were separated into six sample groups at two different time periods of 21 and 45 days. The lesions were filled with 3 mg of one of the above samples using a curette. After 21 or 45 days of implantation, the animals were euthanized for analysis. Histological, biochemical, and radiographic analyses (DIGORA method) were performed. The data were evaluated through ANOVA, Tukey test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with statistical significance at P<0.05.ResultsBoth nHAp and GNR exhibited osteoconductive activity. However, the nHAp/GNR exhibited regenerative activity proportional to their concentration, following the order of 3% >2% >1% wt.ConclusionTherefore, it can be inferred that all analyzed nanoparticles promoted bone regeneration in osteoporotic rats independent of analyzed time.

Electrospun Poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate)/Nano-hyDroxyapatite/Graphene Nanoribbon Scaffolds Improved the In Vivo Osteogenesis of the Neoformed Bone

“…Our group has expertise in obtaining non-cytotoxic, bactericide, and in vitro and in vivo osteogenic GNR, using a simple acid and oxygen plasma exfoliation of MWCNTs [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Biocompatible and with osteogenic properties nHAp/GNR nanoparticles were also developed by our group using a simple wet chemical ultrasound assisted method [ 28 , 29 ]. Table 1 shows details of prepared solutions.…”

Nanotechnology: A New Hope for the Cure of Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Graphene is a single sheet of two-dimensional layer that show excellent mechanical and electrical properties. The nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene nanoribbon complex serves as an excellent scaffold material for regeneration of bone because of its favorable properties like good bioactivity and osteo-integration properties (Oliveira et. al., 2019).…”

Low‐cost synthesis of nano‐hydroxyapatite from carp bone waste: Effect of calcination time and temperature

“…The reason is the excellent bioactivity, adequate mechanical characteristics, osteoconductive, and angiogenic properties, without toxicity, inflammatory, or antigenic reactions 6 . Nano‐hydroxyapatite (nano‐HA), particularly, is considered as one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials that has been used and accepted in orthopedics and dentistry 7‐9 . For example, it has been extensively used in periodontics and in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures.…”

“…6 Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA), particularly, is considered as one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials that has been used and accepted in orthopedics and dentistry. [7][8][9] For example, it has been extensively used in periodontics and in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. The inorganic part of bone extra cellular matrix (ECM) contains nano-sized crystallites of calcium phosphate similar to HA.…”