<p>HIV prevention cascade theory and its relation to social dimensions of health: a case for Nigeria</p>

Abstract

BackgroundNigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic in the world and one of the highest rates of new infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Within the last three decades, majority of HIV programs in Nigeria were treatment strategies with few prevention approaches. The persistence of HIV prevalence despite the treatment blueprint has led to a concerted call to HIV Prevention Cascade (HPC) theory which ensures continuous sophisticated interrelationship that stretches beyond the biomedical interventions of treatment. To our knowledge, there is no previous review on HPC theory in Nigerian context.ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to explore and outline the HIV/AIDS prevention cascade theory in relation to the achievement of the global 90-90-90 target set by the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS and suggest possible avenues to maximize on strengths and weaknesses of HPC in Nigeria.MethodsIn this mini-review, the authors utilized standardized search measures in the review of published articles in credible domains across the HPC in PubMed, Research gate, Google Scholar, Mendeley Reference Manager and Cochrane Library from January 1980 to December 2018. Referenced sections of the articles identified were used to hand-search additional references not retrieved by the initial search engines. The authors performed an evaluation of selected studies on three cascade theories: epidemiological, behavioral and social science with an integration of the supply, demand and adherence sides.ResultsWe included nine review articles reporting three different cascade theories. Only one included study applied the cascade theories exclusively in Nigerian context. We could only conduct narrative synthesis.ConclusionThere is scarceness of currently published evidence on HPC in Nigerian context. HPC allows for a paradigm shift and sequential process of events to eliminate the epidemic of HIV using HIV prevention perspectives in Nigerian settings. Since data are sparse, more research is needed on HPC theory.

Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…We could not identify any previous systematic review on the topic except the one on preventive cascade theory on HIV-AIDS. 52 Elimination of MTCT of HIV and hepatitis in Nigeria will require the implementation of feasible, culturally acceptable, and sustainable interventions to address the health system-related challenges. 8 , 9 In this study, risk factors were not evaluated.…”

The Burden of HIV Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Jimma University Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Observational Study

“…Despite those plans and some attempts, the number of women accessing these services is still low in regional areas and zones. In addition, health system factors and individual and sociocultural factors have been highlighted as barriers [ 37 ]. Moreover, there is an absence of integrated health-related education for successful HAART medication care adherence [ 38 ].…”

US Black cisgender women and pre-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus prevention: A scoping review

“…Second, it is built on the socioecological approach to health which considers individual- and societal-level factors that affect HIV risk. 23 Therefore, each phase of the Cascade allows for the consideration of multilevel facilitators and barriers—including social and structural barriers such as stigma, poverty, and racism—which disproportionately affect Black women and their HIV risk.…”