<p>Optical coherence tomography patterns of diabetic macular edema in a Saudi population</p>

Abstract

Purpose: The study aims to describe the patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) and their association with visual acuity using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients and methods: This is a retrospective observational study with chart review of patients with DME including both type 1 and 2 diabetics seen between January 2015 and January 2016. Main Outcome Measures: Type of diabetes, diabetes duration, best-corrected visual acuity, DME pattern, central macular thickness (CMT), and stage of diabetic retinopathy. DME was classified based on OCT scans into: sponge-like diffuse retinal thickness (SLDRT), cystoids macular edema (CME), and sub-retinal fluid (SRF). Results: 227 eyes (144 patients) were included. The SLDRT represented 67.84%, CME 19.82%, and presence of SRF 2.20%. OCT scan from 21 patients (22 eyes) displayed more than a single pattern. The CMT and visual acuities varied depending on the DME morphologic patterns. SLDRT was associated with the least affected mean visual acuity of 0.2±0.21. SRF signified the worst mean visual acuities. Increase in CMT significantly correlated with reduced visual acuity ( P =0.005). A statistically significant positive correlations between diabetic stage—high risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)—with the CMT ( P =0.050) and ( P =0.021) respectively, were observed. A significant positive correlation between the duration of diabetes, age and type 1 diabetes with visual acuity in LogMAR (P=0.003), ( P =0.03), and ( P =0.0005) respectively. Conclusions: SLDRT was the most common morphological subtype of DME patterns and increasing retinal thickness impaired the visual acuity. Older ages, longer diabetic duration and type 1 diabetes are considered significant risk factors for visual acuity impairment. The study also suggests that there is a significant correlation between the DME patterns and visual acuity.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Various Imaging and Biochemical Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema in Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy

“… 11 In the present study, cystoid pattern was the most common morphological pattern, and CME was almost equally present in all the study groups, similar to Acan et al 12 DRT is the most common pattern according to many studies. 11 …”

“…In contrast, a study done by Yassin et al concluded that CST had a positive correlation with the severity of the disease when different stages of DR were taken into consideration, with high-risk PDR (P=0.050) and severe NPDR (P=0.021) being statistically significant. 11 In the present study, cystoid pattern was the most common morphological pattern, and CME was almost equally present in all the study groups, similar to Acan et al 12 DRT is the most common pattern according to many studies. 11 Yassin et al also concluded that DRT is associated with significantly good visual acuity.…”

“…11 In the present study, cystoid pattern was the most common morphological pattern, and CME was almost equally present in all the study groups, similar to Acan et al 12 DRT is the most common pattern according to many studies. 11 Yassin et al also concluded that DRT is associated with significantly good visual acuity. 11 However, in contrast, DRT was increasingly present (69%) in the severe stage of DR (DME with PDR) in the present study.…”

“…11 Yassin et al also concluded that DRT is associated with significantly good visual acuity. 11 However, in contrast, DRT was increasingly present (69%) in the severe stage of DR (DME with PDR) in the present study. Ghosh et al concluded that there is a correlation between serum creatinine and albuminuria with that of DME, primarily serous type strongly associated with albuminuria.…”

Assessment of the development of primary open-angle glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy using digital medicine

“…The tomograph gives the opportunity to study in detail the structure of the optic nerve head at the early stages of glaucoma. The earliest changes in the optic nerve head are not detected ophthalmoscopically [18][19][20][21].…”