Introduction: In the recent era of technological evolution, electronic devices have become an essential part of our lives, not merely in professional work settings, but also in daily leisure activities. Although these devices have simplified our lives, they are associated with a wide variety of health complaints. Thus, the so-called computer vision syndrome (CVS) has become a growing public health problem and has gained significant attention as it plays an important role in the quality of life of each individual, which in turn has put an increased burden on the health care system. Eye symptoms are among the most reported, yet extraocular symptoms were frequently described as adding an extra load. Method: An electronic survey was distributed randomly through social media platforms among the general population in Saudi Arabia, between the period from July to December 2017, irrespective of their sociodemographic factors, aiming to determine the prevalence of CVS and to verify the most common associated risk factors. Results: In total, 690 participants were involved in our study, with a mean age of 33.8 years. Of these, 77.6% suffer from CVS, with eye-burning being the most common ocular symptoms (71%), as well as itching (67.5%), blurred vision (65%), tearing (62.3%), and other eye symptoms being reported. Neck/shoulder pain was found to be the most prevalent extra ocular symptom (85.2%); also back pain and headache are frequently expressed (78% and 70% respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between CVS symptoms and time spent using the devices (P-value: 0.002). Conclusion: As technology advances, electronic devices have become a common tool that is used for different purposes on daily basis. We found in our study that the so-called computer vision syndrome is a growing public health problem. Thus, community education about the impact of such a lifestyle for proper handling of electronic devices must be addressed to avoid such health complaints.

PurposeTo assess the visual outcomes, patient satisfaction and spectacle independence following implantation of new diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses.Setting2 centers (university-based practice and a private practice set up).Patients and methodsProspective nonrandomized study in which 74 AT LISA TRI 839MP and 8 AT LISA TORIC TRI 939MP IOLs implanted bilaterally in 41 patients following either cataract extraction or refractive lensectomy, follow-up was done at 1st, 2nd and 3rd months to assess the visual and refractive outcomes. Also, a questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction, spectacle independence and photic phenomena after the surgery.ResultsMean uncorrected monocular distance decimal visual acuity (UDVA) was preoperatively 0.35. The averages of uncorrected monocular distance/intermediate/near (UDVA/UIVA/UNVA) postoperatively were 0.90/0.87/0.91 at 3 months. 87.5% patients had SE within ±0.50 by the 3rd month. Nearly all the patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome and the reported photic phenomena by some patients were non-disturbing with noticeable high level of patient’s satisfaction by the third month.ConclusionDiffractive trifocal IOLs can provide with satisfactory visual and refractive results along with positive impact on the performance of vision-related daily activities with minimal level of non-disturbing photic phenomena to patients.

Purpose: The study aims to describe the patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) and their association with visual acuity using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients and methods: This is a retrospective observational study with chart review of patients with DME including both type 1 and 2 diabetics seen between January 2015 and January 2016. Main Outcome Measures: Type of diabetes, diabetes duration, best-corrected visual acuity, DME pattern, central macular thickness (CMT), and stage of diabetic retinopathy. DME was classified based on OCT scans into: sponge-like diffuse retinal thickness (SLDRT), cystoids macular edema (CME), and sub-retinal fluid (SRF). Results: 227 eyes (144 patients) were included. The SLDRT represented 67.84%, CME 19.82%, and presence of SRF 2.20%. OCT scan from 21 patients (22 eyes) displayed more than a single pattern. The CMT and visual acuities varied depending on the DME morphologic patterns. SLDRT was associated with the least affected mean visual acuity of 0.2±0.21. SRF signified the worst mean visual acuities. Increase in CMT significantly correlated with reduced visual acuity ( P =0.005). A statistically significant positive correlations between diabetic stage—high risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)—with the CMT ( P =0.050) and ( P =0.021) respectively, were observed. A significant positive correlation between the duration of diabetes, age and type 1 diabetes with visual acuity in LogMAR (P=0.003), ( P =0.03), and ( P =0.0005) respectively. Conclusions: SLDRT was the most common morphological subtype of DME patterns and increasing retinal thickness impaired the visual acuity. Older ages, longer diabetic duration and type 1 diabetes are considered significant risk factors for visual acuity impairment. The study also suggests that there is a significant correlation between the DME patterns and visual acuity.

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Patient: Female, 19-year-old Final Diagnosis: Chronic myeloid leukemia Symptoms: Blurring of vision Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Hematology • Ophthalmology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignant myeloproliferative neoplasm of pluripotent stem cell origin. Ophthalmic manifestation as an initial presentation in cases of CML is extremely rare. Frequently, ocular lesions in CML are asymptomatic. However, vitreous or foveal involvement can result in a symptomatic visual loss and earlier presentation. Here, we report a rare case of monocular vision loss due to subhyaloid hemorrhage in a case of CML. Case Report: A 19-year-old healthy woman presented to the Emergency Department with sudden painless decrease in vision in her left eye for 1 day. Fundus examination revealed multiple intraretinal hemorrhages with some white-centered hemorrhages in 4 quadrants in both eyes, and subhyaloid hemorrhage involving the fovea in the left eye. Complete blood count and peripheral blood smear were consistent with the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. After referral to the hematology service, the diagnosis was confirmed based on bone marrow aspiration and chromosomal analysis. The patient then received the appropriate management and continued to follow up with the hematology service. Conclusions: This case report highlights the rarity of ocular involvement as an initial manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia, and the importance of systemic work-up for the diagnosis of this entity. A multidisciplinary team approach involving ophthalmologists, hematologists, and oncologists is paramount for the diagnosis and management of CML.