<p>Potential Therapeutic Usage of Nanomedicine for Glaucoma Treatment</p>

Abstract

Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, leading to irreversible blindness. Currently, intraocular pressure reduction is the only established treatment available for glaucoma. With this treatment, the progression of the disease can only be delayed and there is no recovery. In addition, the commercially available eye drops have the disadvantage of low compliance and short therapeutic time, while glaucoma surgery always has the risk of failure due to wound fibrosis. Nanotechnology can overcome the limitations of the current treatment through the encapsulation and conjugation of drugs used for lowering intraocular pressure and antifibrotic agents using biodegradable or biocompatible nanoparticles for the sustained release of the drugs to protect the damaged ocular cells. Furthermore, using nanotechnology, treatment can be administered in various forms, including eye drops, contact lens, and ocular inserts, according to the convenience of the patients. Despite the promising results of delaying the progression of glaucoma, the regeneration of damaged ocular cells, including trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cells, is another critical hurdle to overcome. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and Müller glia cells can secrete neurogenic factors that trigger the regeneration of associated cells, including trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cells. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential therapeutic applications of nanotechnology- and stem cell-based methods that can be employed for the protection and regeneration of ocular cells.

Topical Delivery of Levocarnitine to the Cornea and Anterior Eye by Thermosensitive in-situ Gel for Dry Eye Disease

“…On the other hand, it can overcome the disadvantage of frequent administration of other eye drops, help improve the bioavailability and extend the retention time of the drug on the ocular surface. 26,27 Moreover, the usage of HA-Na in the formulation shows its strong hydrophilic property so that most of tear secretion of rabbits can be absorbed and maintained on the ocular surface for a relatively long period of time. [28][29][30] The drug irritation plays an important role in the evaluation of ophthalmic preparations.…”

In Vivo Efficacy of Contact Lens Drug-Delivery Systems in Glaucoma Management. A Systematic Review

“…Simultaneously, administering a lower drug dose, adverse events' frequency and severity were reduced [21]. In particular, only 20% of the drug dose was required to produce a similar therapeutic effect with CL drug-delivery systems compared to the dose needed with eyedrops delivery systems [65].…”

Neuartige Wirkstoffabgabesysteme für die Glaukomtherapie: Hürden und Lösungsansätze für die Formulierung

“…Nanosuspensionen könnten somit als Trägersysteme für lipophile Wirkstoffe zur Behandlung des Glaukoms wie z.B. Carboanhydrasehemmer ( CAI) eingesetzt werden [155].…”