<p>Prevalence of Tuberculosis by Automated GeneXpert Rifampicin Assay and Associated Risk Factors Among Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Ataye District Hospital, North East Ethiopia</p>

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that is a major cause of ill health, one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, even ranking above human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV/AIDS). Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated risk factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) suspects attending at Ataye District Hospital from October 1, 2018, to February 30, 2019. Methodology: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 presumptive tuberculosis patients at Ataye District Hospital. Sputum was processed by MTB/RIF Xpert assay. Data were entered into EpiData 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) for analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Variables that show significance at P-value of 0.3 during univariate analysis were selected for multivariable analysis. A P-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. Results: Out of the total study participants, about 60% were male, and 39% were aged between 18 and 24 years. Of the total 423 PTB suspected patients, 38 (8.98%) of them were identified as having PTB by GeneXpert and 2/38 (5.3%) were resistant to rifampicin and 3/38 (7.89%) patients were co-infected with HIV. Participant age between 18 and 24 years and between 25 and 34 years, weight loss, chest pain, having contact history with confirmed PTB cases, utilization of congested transportation, and a history of imprisonment were significantly associated with the prevalence of PTB. Conclusion: A considerable prevalence of PTB in the area was observed and the magnitude of MDR-TB was low. PTB is still a public health problem in Ethiopia and there is a need for collaborative prevention and control activities in the study area.

<p>Rifampicin-Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> Among Patients with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>

“…6 The risk of tuberculosis is higher among people living in low socioeconomic status, the immune-suppressed, extreme age (older and children) groups, smokers and those having close contact with active tuberculosis cases. 12,13 On top of being the major infectious killer worldwide, the emergence of drug-resistant forms of TB which need more resources to detect, to successfully treat and to effectively reduce the burden is among the top challenges we are facing. 3,14 This study revealed an overall 13.5% prevalence of MTB among presumptive TB patients.…”

<p>Magnitude and Associated Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic at Debre Tabor Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019</p>

“…Sputum processing was made using the semi-automated GeneXpert assay as described previously. 16 , 26 The assay machine uses a plastic cartridge with lyophilized reagents and buffers for sample processing, amplification, detection particularly for rifampin resistance (RIF). 4 , 26 , 30…”

“…Sputum processing was made using the semiautomated GeneXpert assay as described previously. 16,26 The assay machine uses a plastic cartridge with lyophilized reagents and buffers for sample processing, amplification, detection particularly for rifampin resistance (RIF). 4,26,30 The results of GeneXpert assay can be interpreted as (1) RIF resistance detected means positive for MTB/RIF resistance, (2) RIF resistance not detected means positive for MTB only, and finally (3) RIF resistance indeterminate indicates that positive for MTB/indeterminate for RIF.…”

“…16,26 The assay machine uses a plastic cartridge with lyophilized reagents and buffers for sample processing, amplification, detection particularly for rifampin resistance (RIF). 4,26,30 The results of GeneXpert assay can be interpreted as (1) RIF resistance detected means positive for MTB/RIF resistance, (2) RIF resistance not detected means positive for MTB only, and finally (3) RIF resistance indeterminate indicates that positive for MTB/indeterminate for RIF. [28][29][30][31] Regarding CD4+ T-cell count and viral load tests, about 3-5 mL of whole blood was drawn from each study participant following standard blood collection procedures.…”

“…Since co-infections complicate both diagnosis and treatment, understanding the predictors of TB/HIV coinfection in the local context is critical to improving the management. 22 Although there is an increasing burden of the twin pandemics, 5,10,16,[24][25][26] no study is available regarding the magnitude and associated factors of PTB among HIV-positive patients who are attending the antiretroviral therapy clinic in our setting. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the magnitude of PTB and its associated risk factors among PLWHA who are attending the ART clinic at Debre Tabor specialized hospital.…”