&lt;p&gt;Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV: a review of the achievements and challenges in Burkina-Faso&lt;/p&gt;

Linguissi, Laure Stella Ghoma; Sagna, Tani; Soubeïga, Serge Théophile; Gwom, Luc Christian; Nkenfou, Céline Nguefeu; Obiri‐Yeboah, Dorcas; Ouattara, Abdoul Karim; Pietra, Virginio; Simporé, Jacques

doi:10.2147/hiv.s204661

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…If a baby is infected with HIV, they will receive the same care and treatment services as other HIV-positive patients for the rest of their lives. This program aims to reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission, one of the goals of the HIV prevention and control program recommended to countries by WHO and UNAIDS [ 31 ]. This study confirms the effectiveness of PMTCT on early HIV diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying risk factors for late HIV diagnosis and survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran (1987–2016)

Mohammadi

Mirzaei

Shirmohammadi‐Khorram

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Late-diagnosis of HIV is a major challenge for the control and prevention of AIDS in the world. The present study aimed to specify factors associated with the late diagnosis of HIV in Iran from 1987 to 2016. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data for 4402 diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients were extracted from 158 behavioral disease counseling centers of 31 Iranian provinces. We defined late diagnosis as having a CD4 count less than 350 within 3 months after diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing late diagnosis. Moreover, we used multivariate Cox regression to assess the association of these factors with the patients’ survival. Results In this study, the prevalence of late diagnosis among the patients was 58.2%. People aged 50 years and over (adjusted OR = 3.55), transmission through blood transfusion (adjusted OR = 2.89), co-infection with tuberculosis (adjusted OR = 2.06), and male gender (adjusted OR = 1.38) were the strongest predictors for late diagnosis of HIV. On the other hand, baseline CD4 (adjusted HR = 2.21), people aged 50 and over (adjusted HR = 1.81), male gender (adjusted HR = 1.76), being a widow (adjusted HR = 1.68), people with unknown transmission way (adjusted HR = 18.24), people who inject drugs (adjusted HR = 1.87), diagnosis at previous years (adjusted HR = 2.45) and co-infection with tuberculosis (adjusted OR = 1.77) significantly associated with the survival of patients. Conclusion The prevalence of late diagnosis is high among Iranian HIV/AIDS. The risk factors of late diagnoses include being males and aged 50 years and over, transmission through blood transfusion, and co-infection with tuberculosis. Therefore, implementation of screening programs for early diagnosis of HIV these high risk groups is recommended to Iranian health providers and policymakers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying risk factors for late HIV diagnosis and survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran (1987–2016)

Mohammadi

Mirzaei

Shirmohammadi‐Khorram

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Despite effective therapies which have reduced the rate of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (45)(46)(47), approximately 150,000 infants were infected worldwide in 2019 (https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet). These children must be included in the larger quest for effective HIV-1 curative interventions, and such interventions may need to be tailored to their developing immune systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Emergence and Long-Term Persistence of HIV-Infected T-Cell Clones in Children

Bale

Katusiime

Wells

et al. 2021

mBio

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Little is known about the emergence and persistence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected T-cell clones in perinatally infected children. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for clonal expansion in 11 children who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 1.8 and 17.4 months of age and with viremia suppressed for 6 to 9 years. We obtained 8,662 HIV type 1 (HIV-1) integration sites from pre-ART samples and 1,861 sites from on-ART samples. Expanded clones of infected cells were detected pre-ART in 10/11 children. In 8 children, infected cell clones detected pre-ART persisted for 6 to 9 years on ART. A comparison of integration sites in the samples obtained on ART with healthy donor PBMCs infected ex vivo showed selection for cells with proviruses integrated in BACH2 and STAT5B. Our analyses indicate that, despite marked differences in T-cell composition and dynamics between children and adults, HIV-infected cell clones are established early in children, persist for up to 9 years on ART, and can be driven by proviral integration in proto-oncogenes. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 integrates its genome into the DNA of host cells. Consequently, HIV-1 genomes are copied with the host cell DNA during cellular division. Pediatric immune systems differ significantly from adults, consisting primarily of naive T cells, which have low expression of the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5. This difference may result in variances in the number or size of infected cell clones that persist in children on ART. Here, we provide the most extensive analysis of the integration landscape of HIV-1 in children. We found that, despite the largely naive cell populations in neonatal immune systems, patterns of HIV-1 integration and the size of infected cell clones are as large and widespread as those in adults. Furthermore, selection for integration events in proto-oncogenes were observed in children despite early ART. If such cell clones persist for the life span of these individuals, there may be long-term consequences that have yet to be realized.

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“…Many studies worldwide showed that the adoption of Option B+ had contributed to a decrease in the rate of MTCT of HIV. 16,[25][26][27][28][29] During the 12-year follow-up of this cohort, of 229 women who were on ART before or during pregnancy, only one child (0.43%) whose mother received AZT monotherapy (Option A) had HIV-positive at the age of 18 months. This finding is consistent with the study of Kesho Bora Group; they found that the mothers who received AZT monotherapy were less effective in PMTCT than those receiving triple ARV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Its Predictors Among HIV-Exposed Infants at an Outpatient Clinic for HIV/AIDS in Vietnam</p>

Nguyen¹,

Ton²,

Tran³

et al. 2020

HIV

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Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is decreasing worldwide; however, achieving the MTCT elimination target of 2% by 2020 and 0% by 2030 is challenging in resource-limited countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the evolution of the HIV transmission rate in infants from 2007 to 2018 and to identify the risk factors of HIV transmission among HIV-exposed infants in Vietnam. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study of 608 HIV-exposed infants was conducted at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic (pOPC) of the Women and Children Hospital of An Giang, Vietnam between September 2007 and December 2019. A follow-up registration book was used to collect data, which were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify associations. Results: A total of 608 HIV-exposed infant were enrolled in the study, of which 472 were included in the final analysis. The median age of infants at enrollment to follow-up was 6.3 weeks (interquartile range [IQR]=6.0-6.9 weeks). A total of 42 infants out of 472 were infected with HIV, giving an overall MTCT rate of 8.9% (95% confidence interval (CI)=6.4-12.0). The transmission rate decreased from 27.9% in 2007 to 0% in 2018. Absence of maternal ARV (antiretrovirals) intervention before or during pregnancy (AOR=40.6, 95% CI=5.5-308) and absence of ARV prophylaxis for HIV-exposed infants (AOR=3.4, 95% CI=1.1-10.3) were significantly and independently associated with MTCT of HIV in this study. Conclusion: There is a significant progress on the reduction of MTCT rate in An Giang, Vietnam. Absence of ART interventions for mothers and infants are significant factors associated with HIV transmission. Providing free ARV and increasing the coverage of ARV intervention for pregnant women are keys for reducing the MTCT rate in the future.

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<p>Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV: a review of the achievements and challenges in Burkina-Faso</p>

Cited by 31 publications

References 83 publications

Identifying risk factors for late HIV diagnosis and survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran (1987–2016)

Identifying risk factors for late HIV diagnosis and survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran (1987–2016)

Early Emergence and Long-Term Persistence of HIV-Infected T-Cell Clones in Children

<p>Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Its Predictors Among HIV-Exposed Infants at an Outpatient Clinic for HIV/AIDS in Vietnam</p>

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