&lt;p&gt;Protective effects of glycerol and xylitol in keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress&lt;/p&gt;

Szél, Edit; Danis, Judit; Sőrés, Evelin; Tóth, Dániel J.; Korponyai, Csilla; Degovics, Döníz; Prorok, János; Acsai, Károly; Dikstein, S.; Kemény, Lajos; Erős, Gábor

doi:10.2147/ccid.s197946

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Polyols such as xylitol and L-arabinose have been claimed to suppress the inflammatory responses. 2,21,22 The elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines during the recovery period might be due to the self-defeating responses, 15,23 indicating an increased susceptibility to severe diarrhea in the high-xylitoldosed rat. Taken together, the medium-dose-caused diarrhea would not increase the levels of proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in rats during feeding, while the high-dose xylitol would lead to inflammatory effects.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Xylitol Consumption at Different Dosages on Intestinal Tissues and Gut Microbiota in Rats

Zuo¹,

Cai

Zheng³

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Xylitol is a widely used natural sweetener for the reduction of excessive sugar consumption. However, concerns of xylitol consumption existed as it is a highly permeable substance in the colon that could cause diarrhea and other adverse symptoms. To assess the relationship between xylitol dosage and diarrhea, especially the influences of diarrhea on physiological characteristics, the immune system, and gut microbiota in rats, the control, low-dose (L), medium-dose (M), and high-dose (H) groups were fed with 0, 1, 3, and 10% of xylitol, respectively, correspondingly for 15 days, followed by a 7-day recovery. Only medium- and high-dose xylitol would cause diarrhea in rats. Quantitative imaging of colonic tissue and the expression levels of proinflammatory factors revealed a higher degree of immune responses in the rats from H groups but statistically stable in M groups, despite that light diarrhea was observed. A shift of the gut microbiota composition was observed in the rats from H groups, including significant decreases of genera Ruminococcaceae and Prevotella and a notable increase and colonization of Bacteroides, accompanied with changes of short-chain fatty acid production. Tolerance and adaptation to xylitol consumption were observed in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that diarrhea caused by the high dosage of xylitol can exert distinctive changes on gut microbiota and lay the foundation to explore the mechanism underlying the shift in gut microbiota composition.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Xylitol Consumption at Different Dosages on Intestinal Tissues and Gut Microbiota in Rats

Zuo¹,

Cai

Zheng³

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Different concentrations of both polyols were used: 0.027%, 0.27% and 0.045%, 0.45% for glycerol and xylitol respectively, and resultant cellular viability, cytotoxicity, intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and expression of RNA related to inflammatory cytokines were observed. Both polyols are effective in countering the hyperosmotic stress, however, their mechanism and efficacy varies as glycerol improves the cellular viability and suppresses the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and NFAT5, while xylitol acts by suppressing the expression of IL-1α and preventing the rapid Ca 2+ signal [123].…”

Section: Anti-cancerous and Anti-inflammatory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism

Ahuja

Macho

Ewe

et al. 2020

Foods

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Xylitol is a white crystalline, amorphous sugar alcohol and low-calorie sweetener. Xylitol prevents demineralization of teeth and bones, otitis media infection, respiratory tract infections, inflammation and cancer progression. NADPH generated in xylitol metabolism aid in the treatment of glucose-6-phosphate deficiency-associated hemolytic anemia. Moreover, it has a negligible effect on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels due to its unique metabolism. Its diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and polymer industries fueled its market growth and made it one of the top 12 bio-products. Recently, xylitol has also been used as a drug carrier due to its high permeability and non-toxic nature. However, it become a challenge to fulfil the rapidly increasing market demand of xylitol. Xylitol is present in fruit and vegetables, but at very low concentrations, which is not adequate to satisfy the consumer demand. With the passage of time, other methods including chemical catalysis, microbial and enzymatic biotransformation, have also been developed for its large-scale production. Nevertheless, large scale production still suffers from high cost of production. In this review, we summarize some alternative approaches and recent advancements that significantly improve the yield and lower the cost of production.

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“…It is converted to glucose‐6‐phosphate, which may produce glycerol‐3‐phosphate, a crucial metabolite for glycerol synthesis (Possik et al, 2015). Its protective effect was described after for example, osmotic stress (Szél et al, 2019). Thus, it can be assumed that the administration of gluten as a stressor causes T. aoutii to store energy in the form of glycogen granules, but will also play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in trophocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gluten on the digestive tract and fat body of Telodeinopus aoutii (Diplopoda)

Błaszczyk

Sosinka

Wilczek

et al. 2022

Journal of Morphology

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Adult specimens or larvae of invertebrates used as food for vertebrates are often maintained close to gluten so they might become vectors for cereal proteins.However, the tissues and internal organs can respond differently in animals with different feeding habits. The midgut epithelium might be a first and sufficient barrier preventing uptake and effects of gluten on the whole body, while the fat body is the main organ that accumulates different xenobiotics. Good models for such research are animals that do not feed on gluten-rich products in their natural environment. The project's goal was to investigate alterations in the midgut epithelium and fat body of the herbivorous millipede Telodeinopus aoutii (Diplopoda) and analyze cell death processes activated by gluten. It enabled us to determine whether changes were intensified or reversed by adaptive mechanisms. Adult specimens were divided into control and experimental animals fed with mushrooms supplemented with gluten and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Two organs were isolated for the qualitative and quantitative analysis: the midgut and the fat body. Our study of the herbivorous T. aoutii which does not naturally feed on gluten containing diet showed that continuous and prolonged gluten feeding activates repair processes that inhibit the processes of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) and induce an increase in cell viability.

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<p>Protective effects of glycerol and xylitol in keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress</p>

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Influences of Xylitol Consumption at Different Dosages on Intestinal Tissues and Gut Microbiota in Rats

Influences of Xylitol Consumption at Different Dosages on Intestinal Tissues and Gut Microbiota in Rats

Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism

Effect of gluten on the digestive tract and fat body of Telodeinopus aoutii (Diplopoda)

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