&lt;p&gt;Quinolone resistance mechanisms among third-generation cephalosporin resistant isolates of &lt;em&gt;Enterobacter&lt;/em&gt; spp. in a Bulgarian university hospital&lt;/p&gt;

Markovska, Rumyana; Stoeva, Temenuga; Dimitrova, Dobromira; Boyanova, Lyudmila; Stankova, Petya; Mihova, Kalina; Mitov, Ivan

doi:10.2147/idr.s204199

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Moreover, the ESBLs gene bla TEM was popular in this study, which was totally different from the predominant bla CTX-M-15 in Bulgaria. 40 We found that the carrying rates of ESBLs were higher in carbapenemresistant ECC than in carbapenem-sensitive ECC, compared with other reports. 41 The production of ESBLs or the overexpression of AmpC combined with disrupted membrane permeability (outer membrane protein decreased or loss) was another reason for carbapenem resistance.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

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Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex Isolated from Chinese Patients During 2004–2018

Liu¹,

Huang²,

Zhou³

et al. 2021

IDR

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Background:The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) have posed a serious threat to human health worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of carbapenem resistance and its prevalence among ECC in China. Methods: A total of 1314 ECC clinical isolates were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from 2004 to 2018. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined using the agar dilution method. The production of carbapenemases and the prevalence of resistance-associated genes were investigated using PCR. The expression of outer membrane porin (OMP) genes (ompC/ompF) and cephalosporinase gene ampC was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The effect of efflux pump mechanism on carbapenem resistance was tested. ECC was typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: In this study, 113 carbapenem-nonsusceptible ECC strains were identified. The prevalence rates of carbapenemase genes bla KPC-2 and bla NDM were 12.4% (14/113) and 17.7% (20/113), and that of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes bla CTX-M , bla TEM , and bla SHV were 28.3% (32/113), 27.4% (31/113), and 14.2% (16/113), respectively. Among 67 carbapenem-nonsusceptible ECC isolates producing non-carbapenemase, low expression of ompC/ompF and overexpression of ampC were found in 46 and 40 strains, respectively. In addition, the carbapenem resistance was related to the overexpression of the efflux pump in the study. Finally, the 113 carbapenem-nonsusceptible ECC strains were categorized into 39 different sequence types using MLST. Conclusion: Carbapenem-nonsusceptible ECC strains producing non-carbapenemase were predominant. The low expression of OMP with the overexpression of cephalosporinase or production of ESBLs and overexpression of efflux pump might contribute to the resistance to carbapenem for carbapenem-nonsusceptible ECC strains producing non-carbapenemase. The bla NDM and bla KPC comprised the principal resistance mechanism of carbapenemase-producing ECC in the hospital, causing a threat to public health. Therefore, monitoring programs to prevent the emergence and further spread of antibiotic resistance are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex Isolated from Chinese Patients During 2004–2018

Liu¹,

Huang²,

Zhou³

et al. 2021

IDR

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“…This genus produces acetic and propionic acids using fermentable fibers as their substrate (35). Infections of the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, bloodstream, and damage to soft tissues are caused by Enterobacter (36). Therefore, in this experiment, FA supplementation increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria in the gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of fulvic acid addition on laying performance, biochemical indices, and gut microbiota of aged hens

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study was to appraise the effect of fulvic acid on production, biochemical indices, and gut microbiota of laying hens. A total of 252 Dawu Golden Phoenix laying hens (55-week-old) were allotted to two treatments randomly, each with six replicates and 21 hens per replicate, including the control group (CG) and fulvic acid (500 mg/kg) group (FA). The trial period was 8 weeks. Adding FA raised egg weight (P = 0.03), shell-breaking strength (P = 0.03), and reduced egg breaking rate (P < 0.01), compared with CG. There was no difference in eggshell thickness and egg shape index between the two treatments; however, the FA group increased egg production by 1.45% and reduced the feed-to-egg ratio by 0.09. Moreover, dietary FA decreased the aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum (P = 0.04), and glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity were increased (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Despite this, the two groups had no differences in the alpha diversity indices (PD_whole trees, Shannon, Ace, Simpson, Chao1, and goods_coverage). Obviously, at the phylum level, the abundances of Firmicutes were improved (P < 0.01), Actinobacteriota (P < 0.01), and Proteobacteria (P < 0.01) were reduced by dietary FA. Supplementation with FA could improve the abundances of Megamonas (P < 0.01) and reduce Enterobacter (P < 0.01) at the genus level. To sum up, this study showed the addition of 500 mg/kg FA may boost production and egg quality and modulate the cecal microflora abundance and serum biochemical indices of laying hens.

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“…Given the location of the qnr gene in plasmids containing many resistant genes, including beta-lactamases, the higher frequency of quinolone-resistant isolates in ESBL-producing E. cloacae strains in the present study might be reasonable. Markovska et al reported a PMQR gene frequency of 59% in Enterobacter strains [ 27 ]. In Azargon et al's study, similar to the results of the present study, the highest PMQR gene frequencies were found in ESBL-producing isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in Bolourchi et al's study, 3 of 4 isolates of E. cloacae carried this gene [ 29 ]. Markovska et al reported the frequency of qnrB as 90% [ 27 ]. Among 113 strains of E. cloacae , the frequency of qnrS was determined to be 17.7%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abundance of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Enterobacter cloacae Strains Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Kermanshah, Iran

Afsharian,

Asadi,

Danesh

et al. 2024

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background. Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) is one of the most common Enterobacteriaceae causing nosocomial infections. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants have been considered recently. This study evaluated the abundance of PMQR genes in strains of E. cloacae obtained from clinical samples in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, after collecting 113 isolates of E. cloacae, their identity was confirmed using specific biochemical tests. After determining their drug resistance patterns using disc diffusion, the phenotypic frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates was measured by the double-disk synergy test (DDST) method. The isolates were examined for the presence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results. The antibiotic resistance rate of E. cloacae isolates varied from 9.7% to 60.2%; among them, 78% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The highest quinolone resistance was observed in ESBL-producing strains of E. cloacae. The frequency of positive isolates for PMQR and ESBL was 79.6% and 57.5%, respectively. The genes aac(6′)-ib-cr (70.8%) and qnrB (38.1%) had the highest frequency among other genes. The number of isolates simultaneously carrying 2 and 3 genes was 64 and 5 isolates, respectively. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate a high degree of quinolone resistance among ESBL-producing E. cloacae strains. Nevertheless, there was a significant relationship between the PMQR gene and ESBL-positive isolates. Therefore, special attention should be paid to molecular epidemiological studies on antibiotic resistance to quinolones and beta-lactamases in these strains.

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<p>Quinolone resistance mechanisms among third-generation cephalosporin resistant isolates of <em>Enterobacter</em> spp. in a Bulgarian university hospital</p>

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex Isolated from Chinese Patients During 2004–2018

Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex Isolated from Chinese Patients During 2004–2018

Effects of fulvic acid addition on laying performance, biochemical indices, and gut microbiota of aged hens

The Abundance of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Enterobacter cloacae Strains Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Kermanshah, Iran

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