<p>Sexual harassment in public transportation among female student in Kathmandu valley</p>

Abstract

Purpose Sexual harassment has been recognized as a serious problem in the world. It reduces the dignity of human rights. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of sexual harassment in public transportation and its consequences on female students in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Methods A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting the data from five health science locations in the Kathmandu Valley. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the association with sexual harassment and its determinants. Results The female student who lived far away from campus (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =9.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.56, 14.03) and lived alone (AOR =10.44, 95% CI =2.83, 38.46) had more chance to be harassed. However, those students who traveled sometimes (AOR =0.01, 95% CI =0, 0.03) had a lower chance to face sexual harassment in public transportation. Conclusion Sexual harassment in public transportation was found to be significantly higher in female students who live alone and who travel more frequently in the evening. In addition, the study concluded that public vehicles are strongly associated with sexual harassment among female students in the Kathmandu Valley.

An Examination of Subway Sex Offense Modus Operandi: A Case of Seoul, South Korea

“…The finding that the offenders preferred the morning and evening rush hour was in accord with the results of existing research. Since overcrowding facilitates sex crimes [64,65], morning and evening times when people are going to or returning from work are identified as the most-risky periods [23,25].…”

“…To promote public awareness and victimization reporting, efforts must be directed toward informing the public that subway sex offenses are serious and prevalent issues. Posters and boards around subway stations and inside the cars containing information about the offenses, ways to reduce victimization, and the resources available to the victims such as the numbers to call could increase reporting rates [23,65]. A broader scale of social campaigns as well as legal reforms spearheaded by the central government could create additional sources and programs to support the victims and allow law enforcement to address the crimes effectively [75].…”

“…Sexual offense in public spaces is an issue faced by many nations around the world [19,20]. Although researchers have examined sexual harassment in India [15,21], Mexico [22], and Nepal [23], the offenses committed in the cars and the facilities built in and around the subway stations, including the entrances and exits, the platforms, and the passages [24] have not been researched as extensively.…”

Street harassment is marketplace discrimination: The impact of street harassment on young female consumers’ marketplace experiences

“…Violence against women in public spaces represents a serious global problem, but it is especially prevalent among Nepali women ( Taylor, 2011 ). Investigations reveal that Nepali women are extremely susceptible to male harassment while using public transportation services and that most Nepali women will experience some type of harassment (i.e., verbal, non-verbal, or physical) during their lifetime while traveling ( Gautam et al, 2019 ; Neupane and Chesney-Lind, 2014 ) either to college or to a place of employment ( Mishra and Lamichhane, 2018 ).…”

Perpetrators and Common Places of Sexual Harassment Against Adolescent School Girls in Nepal

“…According to UN Women (2016), 40% -50% of the women in European Union countries experience unwanted sexual advances, physical contact, or other forms of sexual harassment at the workplace. The severe rate of sexual harassment on women has been reported ranging from 70% -90% in Nepal from several perpetrators (Gautam et. al.…”