<p>Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Metal Nanoparticles in Combination with Antibiotics Against Some Reference Strains of Pathogenic Microorganisms</p>

Abstract

Background and Aim: Nanosized inorganic antibacterial materials have received increasing attention in recent years. The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles alone and in combination with antibiotics against reference strains of pathogenic microorganisms as Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus), Salmonella enterica subsp. Bukuru, Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Candida albicans ( C. albicans). Methods: The antimicrobial effect of metal-nanoparticles (AgNPs and ZnONPS) and in combination with antibiotics was studied using the normal disc-diffusion method. Results: Both AgNPs and ZnONPs had increased antibacterial activity with an increase in their concentration against Gram-positive bacterium (Staph. aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella spp) and no effect on C. albicans. The synergistic effect of antibiotics (azithromycin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, fosfomycin and chloramphenicol) against E. coli was significantly increased in the presence of AgNPs compared to antibiotic only. However, all antibiotics had a synergistic effect in the presence of AgNps against Salmonella spp. On the other hand, the antibacterial action of AgNPs with oxacillin and neomycin antibiotics against Staph. aureus was significantly decreased in comparison with antibiotics only. The synergistic effect of antibiotics (azithromycin, oxacillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, fosfomycin and oxytetracycline) against E. coli was significantly increased in presence of ZnONPs compared to antibiotic only and also the synergistic effect of antibiotics (azithromycin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline) against Staph. aureus was significantly increased in the presence of ZnONPs compared to antibiotics only. On the other hand, most antibiotics had an antagonistic effect in presence of ZnONps against Salmonella spp. Conclusion: AgNPs and ZnONPs demonstrate a good synergistic effect with antibiotics and this may open the door for a future combination therapy against pathogenic bacteria.

Fosfomycin as Partner Drug for Systemic Infection Management. A Systematic Review of Its Synergistic Properties from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

“…One paper evaluating FOS in combination with silver (AgNPs) and zinc oxide (ZnONPs) nanoparticles, are molecules known to affect bacterial membranes, was reviewed (Table S2). When evaluated in vitro against S. aureus, S. enterica, and E. coli, combination FOS + AgNPs or ZnONPs had showed a synergistic effect (100%) [118].…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nano/Microparticles and Their Combinations against Pathogenic Microorganisms for Biomedical Applications: From Physicochemical Characteristics to Pharmacological Aspects

“…Furthermore, combinations of ZnO NPs/MPs with other antibiotic drugs, metal oxide NPs/MPs, and devices have been used to enhance antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. They have synergistic or improved antimicrobial activity against E. coli , S. aureus , Aeromonas veronii , P. aeruginosa , B. subtilis , and Klebsiella pneumoniae .…”

<p>In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Spices Powder of some Medicinal Plants Against <em>Bacillus</em> Species Isolated from Raw and Processed Meat</p>

“…[38][39][40][41] The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria call for the need of natural herbal alternatives to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] The foodborne diseases resulting from the consumption of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria-contaminated food have been of vital concern to public health. Good hygiene practices, adequate preservative techniques for processed foods and the use of antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics are the various control and treatment methods in developed countries.…”