<p>The Effect of Inflammation on the Healing Process of Acute Skin Wounds Under the Treatment of Wounds with Injections in Rats</p>

Abstract

Purpose To study the effects of inflammation on the healing process of rats’ acute skin wounds during treatment with different injections. Methods The study was carried out on Wistar rats, on which square wounds were simulated in the back region. Four groups of wounds were studied. On the day of the simulation (day 0), solutions of the drugs were injected into the wounds: an isotonic sodium chloride solution (Control group), mesenchymal stem cells (SC group), collagen (Collagen group), and a deproteinized hemoderivative of calf blood (DHB group). Within 2 weeks, the wound healing process was assessed by observing and calculating changes in the wound areas, temperatures, and epithelialization levels. On days 3, 7, and 14, wound tissue samples were taken for histological examination, morphological analysis of the healing process, and quantitative assessment of granulation layers’ leukocyte infiltration. Results A correlation between the process of inflammation and epithelization during the healing of skin wounds was established. The anti-inflammatory effect of SC injection on the wound edge tissues was determined, as well as the pro-inflammatory effect of DHB, and the absence of effects on the inflammation course under the collagen treatment. Compared to the control group, the transition from the exudative phase of inflammation to the proliferative phase was faster, as well was wound epithelialization in the SC and Collagen groups. A negative correlation between the level of tissue temperature in the center of wounds and their area were recorded, which intensified over time. Conclusion The severity and duration of the inflammation process during wound healing were ambiguous with the use of different injection treatments. This should compel clinicians to use different markers of drug therapy effectiveness during wound healing. Excessive leukocyte infiltration with a low temperature of wounds and a large scab were markers of delayed wound healing.

Acute Skin Wounds Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biopolymer Compositions Alone and in Combination: Evaluation of Agent Efficacy and Analysis of Healing Mechanisms

“…The composition and technology of the drugs PCCD, MSC, and PCCD + MSC have been published previously [30][31][32][33][34].…”

“…However, not enough research has yet been done investigating this new direction to provide data that meet all the requirements of evidence-based medicine. In our previous research, we developed new dressing biomaterials for the treatment of wounds containing polymers, mesenchymal stem cells, and nanoparticles of cerium dioxide (CeO2), and demonstrated their preliminary safety and efficacy [30][31][32][33][34]. We have chosen CeO2 nanoparticles as the metal included in our biomaterials because previous studies have shown that it has low toxicity and high biocompatibility, as well as the ability, depending on the changing pH of the wound, to provide electron transfer through the transition from Ce3+ to Ce4+ valence and vice versa [35][36][37][38].…”

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Formulation of Topical Anti-Inflammatory Nanomedicines Based on Natural Substances

“…The inflammatory process of the skin is characterized by pain, redness, swelling, heat, and loss of function [ 12 , 52 ]. In a wound-healing process, inflammation is very important for the detection and elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, removal of damaged tissue, and cleaning of the affected area [ 53 ]. The skin can suffer various types of inflammatory processes that can be caused by a series of chemical or mechanical harmful agents, pathogens, or an autoimmune or allergic response [ 10 , 52 ].…”

“…Interactions between skin cells, such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes, occur and impair the tissue remodeling process. Thus, chronic wounds are marked by high levels of inflammation, decreased production of growth factors and proliferation of endothelial cells, and by non-re- epithelialization [ 48 , 52 , 53 ]. It is believed that ROS are also involved in chronic inflammatory responses, after an overload of the skin’s antioxidant capacity.…”

Local and Remote Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Administration on Skin Wound Regeneration

“…Although many animal studies used MSCs as a treatment to heal skin wounds [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], currently, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have demonstrated high-quality efficacy of MSC treatment. In addition, no widely accepted method exists for introducing MSCs into an animal organism.…”