<p>The Impact Of Structured Exercise Programs On Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components: A Systematic Review</p>

Abstract

BackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent and associated with higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events. Exercise programs have been shown to improve components of MetS, but the optimal design of a structured exercise program for treatment of the MetS remains unclear.PurposeTo assess the impact of different exercise programs on the MetS and its components.MethodsMEDLINE via PubMed and Embase was searched. Randomized controlled trials of supervised exercise alone and in combination with nutrition programs compared with usual care in adults with the MetS were selected. Two authors independently reviewed articles to select eligible studies and performed data abstraction. Eight studies representing 1218 patients were included. The participants had a median age of 51, median BMI of 29 kg/m2, and were 55% male. Mean weight loss increased with program duration. For combination programs, the mean weight loss was −2.6 kg, −3.7 kg, and −6.5 kg for 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The components of the MetS most frequently statistically significantly improved were waist circumference (6/6 studies), blood pressure (4/6 studies), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3/6 studies).LimitationsStudies did not include long-term follow-up post program completion to evaluate persistence of benefit. It is unknown whether the same results would be found in an older, more obese population.ConclusionSupervised exercise programs yield significant resolution of components of the MetS, particularly in reducing waist circumference. Longer program duration and frequent interval sessions appear to have highest benefit and thus may help reduce cardiovascular risk and diabetes associated with the MetS.

Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in Montreal, Canada

“…For instance, physical activity may influence PCa risk indirectly through BMI or directly via various changes in other metabolic patterns not considered here [ 42 ]. However, in a recent review of the association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome, physical activity was more often associated with a reduction in obesity (waist circumference) than with a resolution of other components of the syndrome [ 43 ]. Furthermore, the American Institute of Cancer Research in their most recent update of the evidence for physical activity and prostate cancer risk has classified the evidence in the category of “limited – no conclusion” [ 5 ].…”

PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews

“… Limits described with justification . “The search was limited to publications from 2000 to 2018 given that more contemporary studies included patient cohorts that are most reflective of current co-morbidities and patient characteristics as a result of the evolving obesity epidemic.” [ 98 ] …”

“…If used, review teams should include a statement of justification for each use of a database limit in the methods section, the limitations section, or both [ 102 , 103 ]. In the examples above, only the last two examples provide some justification in the methods section (“to improve specificity” [ 99 ] and “contemporary studies included patient cohorts that are most reflective of current co-morbidities and patient characteristics as a result of the evolving obesity epidemic” [ 98 ]).…”

“…"The search was limited to publications from 2000 to 2018 given that more contemporary studies included patient cohorts that are most reflective of current co-morbidities and patient characteristics as a result of the evolving obesity epidemic." [98] Limits described, one with justification. "Excluded publication types were comments, editorials, patient education handouts, newspaper articles, biographies, Table 3 Supplementary Materials Fully documenting a search will require publication of supplementary materials.…”

Impact of a Pilot Structured Mobile Technology Based Lifestyle Intervention for Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…This gap is a result of a lack of data on effectiveness of lifestyle programs in the real-world and patient preference to guide the development of programs tailored to the individual patient to ensure maximum effectiveness. Data from the obesity literature indicates that programs that remove logistical barriers (time constraints, cost) and increase the interactions/follow-up with real-time feedback have a higher likelihood for real-world effectiveness [ 18 ]. Mobile technology-based lifestyle programs encompass many of these features and have been proven to be effective for weight loss among cohorts with similar phenotypes such as diabetes [ 19 ].…”