<p>Validity and Reliability of the Flourishing Scale in a Sample of Older Adults in Iran</p>

Abstract

Background: Flourishing is related to positive outcomes for physical and mental health, as well as overall wellbeing. The aim of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Flourishing Scale (FS) among a sample of older participants in Iran. Methods: In this validation study, 300 older people were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a checklist for demographic characteristics, the FS, and the Oxford happiness questionnaire. The validity (face, content, convergent, and construct) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha, test-retest) of the FS was evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Results: The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a one-dimensional structure consisting of 8 items with an eigenvalue of 3.583. The model had a good fit [χ 2 = 52.983, p < 0.001, χ 2 /df = 2.944, GFI = 0.958, CFI = 0.915, IFI = 0.949, TLI = 0.919, AGFI = 0.948, and RMSEA = 0.081, SRMR = 0.086] with all factor loadings greater than 0.5 and statistically significant. A test of concurrent validity showed a direct and significant association between the FS and the Oxford happiness questionnaire (r = 0.647, p < 0.001). The results of the reliability tests confirmed that the values of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.819) and testretest (0.821) were acceptable. Conclusion: The Persian version of the FS demonstrated suitable validity and reliability among a sample of older participants.

Adaptation and Measurement Invariance by Gender of the Flourishing Scale in a Colombian Sample

“…Total scores can range from 8 (strong disagreement with all the items) to 56 (strong agreement with all the items), so higher scores indicate that people perceived themselves with a very positive image. This questionnaire has been adapted in a general sample of Spaniards, showing good psychometric properties [ 21 ]. For this study, this Spanish version was used because the Spanish adaptation process was conducted using the International Test Commission (ITC) criteria [ 36 , 37 ].…”

“…The FS has been validated in different continents and many countries, such as Oceania (New Zealand [ 10 ]) and Europe (Portugal [ 11 ]; Germany [ 12 ]; France [ 13 ]; Italy [ 14 ]; Spain [ 15 ]; Greece [ 16 ]; Turkey [ 17 ] and Russia [ 18 ]). In Asia, we found studies from Japan [ 19 ], China [ 20 ], Iran [ 21 ], and India [ 22 ]. In Latin America, there have been communicated studies in Brazil [ 23 ], Puerto Rico [ 24 ], and Peru [ 25 ].…”

“…Convergent validity has been tested using instruments including the Subjective Happiness Scale [ 26 ], Satisfaction with Life Scale [ 27 ], Revised Life Orientation Test (R-LOT] [ 28 ], Positive and Negative Affect Schedule [ 21 ], Chinese Virtues Questionnaire [ 20 ], and Brief Symptom Inventory [ 20 ]. Convergent validity correlations with the above-mentioned scales ranged from 0.28 to 0.67, all of them being statistically significant.…”

The psychometric evaluation of the sense of belonging instrument (SOBI) with Iranian older adults

“…The maintenance and promotion of mental health and well-being in later life are an important, yet an under-researched, area of knowledge [ 26 – 28 ]. A sense of belonging is important in older adults, with increased age being associated with a greater incidence of social isolation and loneliness [ 29 – 31 ], which relates to a heightened risk of health problems, hospitalization, impaired cognitive function, and mortality [ 32 ].…”

Psychometric Properties of the Thai Version Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Factors Related to among Thai Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

“…Thus, this brief scale can be used to measure social-psychological well-being properly. From previous studies, the psychological well-being scale has been translated into 17 languages used to measure social-psychological well-being among several samples such as student samples in the United States [ 15 ], employee samples in Portugal [ 16 ], community samples in China [ 17 ] general population in the Netherlands [ 13 , 14 ], and older adult samples in Iran [ 18 ]. However, no study has assessed the psychometric properties of this scale among Thai patients with MDD before.…”