2002
DOI: 10.1117/12.460170
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<title>Automatic landmark extraction from three-dimensional head scan data</title>

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Cited by 10 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…However, the search for the symmetry axis can be costly without the guiding landmarks. Curvature-based features seem to be promising in 3D due to their invariance to several transformations [53,24]. Especially, Gaussian and mean curvatures are frequently used to locate and segment facial parts.…”
Section: Automatic Landmarkingmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…However, the search for the symmetry axis can be costly without the guiding landmarks. Curvature-based features seem to be promising in 3D due to their invariance to several transformations [53,24]. Especially, Gaussian and mean curvatures are frequently used to locate and segment facial parts.…”
Section: Automatic Landmarkingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most frequently used approach to facial landmark detection is to devise a number of heuristics that seem to work for the experimental conditions at hand [9,16,45,53,99,101]. These can be simple rules, such as taking the point closest to the camera as the tip of the nose [24,102], or using contrast differences to detect eye regions [54,102].…”
Section: Automatic Landmarkingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the search for the symmetry axis can be costly without the guiding landmarks. Curvature-based features are promising in 3D, but they suffer from a number of problems [9], [10]. Reliable estimation of curvature requires a strong pre-processing that eliminates surface irregularities, especially near eye and mouth corners.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The shape properties from the maps z u and z v do not uniquely identify the nose tip [11], however, the addition of the radial symmetry map eliminates the majority of false alarms due to data noise and other protruding features that do not share the radial symmetry of the nose tip. Note that in our experiments, only one possible nose region was detected in all but a few cases.…”
Section: Nose Extractionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…In [11], a number of head and face landmarks are defined in terms of their surface geometry and facial location. Gaussian and mean curvature, as well as partial derivatives of the range images are computed and used to classify critical points on the surface (e.g., peaks, ridges, pits, valleys).…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%