This entry provides vibration control system design of buildings in terms of energy dissipation and seismic isolation including full active control devices and semi-active or passive devices. Vibration control of buildings subjected to dynamic loadings such as large earthquakes, strong winds, or heavy traffic is one of the most important factors to take into consideration to secure the users. Since energy dissipation is the key technology in vibration control, many kinds of devices have been developed for structural mitigation. Seismic retrofit of buildings is very important because long-period earthquakes occur at considerable distances from the seismic center. Here, we introduce the application of specific devices to the vibration control system design of real buildings, especially in Japan, where there are many earthquakes.