&lt;title&gt;HSRS: an infrared sensor for hot spot detection&lt;/title&gt;

Skrbek, W.; Lorenz, Eckehard

doi:10.1117/12.331299

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…A unique feature of the BIRD MIR and TIR channels is a real-time adjustment of their integration time [2]. If on-board processing of HSRS data indicates that detector elements are saturated, or close to saturation, in the first exposure then a second exposure is performed within the same sampling interval with a reduced integration time.…”

Section: Bird Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ground resolution of the BIRD nadir channels is 185 m in the NIR and 370 m in the MIR and TIR. However, all three channels have the same sampling step of 185 m due to a factor of 2 oversampling of the MIR and TIR data.A unique feature of the BIRD MIR and TIR channels is a real-time adjustment of their integration time [2]. If on-board processing of HSRS data indicates that detector elements are saturated, or close to saturation, in the first exposure then a second exposure is performed within the same sampling interval with a reduced integration time.…”

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confidence: 99%

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BIRD detection and analysis of high-temperature events: first results

Zhukov¹,

Brieß²,

Lorenz³

et al. 2003

SPIE Proceedings

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The primary mission objective of a new small Bi-spectral InfraRed Detection (BIRD) satellite is detection and quantitative analysis of high-temperature events like fires and volcanoes. An absence of saturation in the BIRD infrared channels makes it possible to improve false alarm rejection as well as to retrieve quantitative characteristics of hot targets, including their effective fire temperature and area and the radiative energy release. For pronounced fire fronts, the front length and radiative intensity (radiative energy release per 1 m of the front length) are additionally estimated. During more than 15 months of its operation, BIRD has detected numerous natural wild fires and volcanic events. The smallest man-made fires detected by BIRD, which were verified on-ground, had an area of 12 m 2 at daytime and 4 m 2 at night. BIRD MISSIONThe primary mission objective of a new small Bi-spectral InfraRed Detection (BIRD) satellite, which was put in a 570 km circular sun-synchronous orbit on 22 October 2001, is detection and quantitative analysis of high-temperature events like fires and volcanoes [1]. The principal BIRD imaging payload includes the Hotspot Recognition System HSRS with channels in the Mid-Infrared (MIR, 3.4 -4.2 µm) and Thermal Infrared (TIR8.5 -9.3 µm) spectral ranges and the Wide-Angle Optoelectronic Stereo Scanner WAOSS-B with a nadir channel in Near-Infrared (NIR: 0.84 -0.90 µm) and with two off-nadir channels that are currently not used for hotspot detection. The ground resolution of the BIRD nadir channels is 185 m in the NIR and 370 m in the MIR and TIR. However, all three channels have the same sampling step of 185 m due to a factor of 2 oversampling of the MIR and TIR data.A unique feature of the BIRD MIR and TIR channels is a real-time adjustment of their integration time [2]. If on-board processing of HSRS data indicates that detector elements are saturated, or close to saturation, in the first exposure then a second exposure is performed within the same sampling interval with a reduced integration time. This eliminates detector saturation over high temperature targets but preserves a 0.1-0.2 K radiometric resolution for pixels at normal temperatures [3].Due to the better resolution of the HSRS channels, BIRD can detect hot targets with a factor of 7 smaller area than MODIS and AVHRR. The oversampling of the BIRD

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Section: Bird Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

BIRD detection and analysis of high-temperature events: first results

Zhukov¹,

Brieß²,

Lorenz³

et al. 2003

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Sci. 2017, 7, 905 2 of 17 [10], which resulted in an increase in imaging resolution from 5 m to 3 m. The hot spot recognition system (HSRS) [11] sensor, which was developed by German Aerospace Center, and ADS40 [12] digital aerial remote-sensing camera, which was developed by the Lycra company, have adopted the similar technique of subpixel imaging. There are lots of analyses that come forth to evaluate the performance of such subpixel imaging methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique can acquire multi-frame images of the same scene and detect the phase shift at each time. The French National Center for Space Research (CNES) applied the technique of subpixel imaging to Systeme Probatoire d'Observation dela Tarre 5 (SPOT5) satellites [10], which resulted in an increase in imaging resolution from 5 m to 3 m. The hot spot recognition system (HSRS) [11] sensor, [10], which resulted in an increase in imaging resolution from 5 m to 3 m. The hot spot recognition system (HSRS) [11] sensor, which was developed by German Aerospace Center, and ADS40 [12] digital aerial remote-sensing camera, which was developed by the Lycra company, have adopted the similar technique of subpixel imaging. There are lots of analyses that come forth to evaluate the performance of such subpixel imaging methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of MTF in TDI-CCD Subpixel Dynamic Super-Resolution Imaging by Beam Splitter

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The subpixel dynamic imaging technique of a beam splitter is one of the most effective super-resolution imaging methods. Aiming to create a linear time delay integration charge coupled device (TDI-CCD) subpixel imaging system based on the optical assembly method, its modulation transfer function (MTF) is analyzed based on the spatial over-sampling theory. Firstly, Fourier transformation of the sampling point is used to describe the frequency domain characteristics of TDI-CCD, which transform a unit cell of the spatial sampling lattice into a bandwidth cell in the spatial-frequency domain. Considering the effects of velocity mismatch and misalignment, the best subpixel staggering position of the linear TDI-CCD pair is given. Moreover, according to the analysis of the MTF of super-resolution reconstruction results from multiple subpixel images with random spatial offsets, the condition of sampling in the limitation of the enhancement of MTF is obtained. The numerical simulation and real experimental analysis reveal results that are consistent with the theoretical model.

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“…The satellite carries the Hot Spot Recognition System (HSRS), which includes two well-separated thermal channels with a spatial resolution of 370 m: a mid infrared band centred at 3.8 µm (MIR channel) and a thermal infrared band centred at 8.9 µm (TIR channel). The high radiometric resolution, combined with the fact that the HSRS does not have an upper saturation limit, is compared to recent operational satellite sensors a major advantage for fire quantification studies [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal Fire Quantification and Detection Using the DLR Experimental Bi-Spectral Infrared Detection (Bird) Small Satellite

Tetzlaff¹,

Zhukov²,

Hirner³

et al. 2005

Small Satellites for Earth Observation

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Coal fires cause severe environmental and economic problems worldwide. In the current paper we analyse the potential of the experimental bi-spectral infrared detection (BIRD) small satellite to register coal fire related spectral radiances and we present BIRD data acquired over two coal fire areas in Northern China. Based on field observations of coal fires in the investigated areas, we visually outline potential coal fire areas on BIRD data and apply the Bi-spectral technique [1] to estimate potential coal fire temperatures, sizes and radiative energy releases. We compare the BIRD derived quantitative coal fire parameters to field measurements from two field campaigns carried out in September 2003 and September 2003 in China.This study demonstrates that in particular BIRD night-time data have a high potential to register coal fires. The majority of the coal fire areas in the investigated coalfields can be clearly outlined on BIRD night-time data. In addition, BIRD derived coal fire temperatures correlate well with field observations indicating the high potential of the BIRD technology to derive physical meaningful coal seam fire parameters. The comparison of ETM and BIRD data reveals that the BIRD MIR spectral band is radiometrically more sensitive to coal fires than the ETM TIR spectral channel. However, the factor six higher spatial resolution of the ETM allows it to perform better than BIRD at night-time.

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<title>HSRS: an infrared sensor for hot spot detection</title>

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

BIRD detection and analysis of high-temperature events: first results

BIRD detection and analysis of high-temperature events: first results

Analysis of MTF in TDI-CCD Subpixel Dynamic Super-Resolution Imaging by Beam Splitter

Coal Fire Quantification and Detection Using the DLR Experimental Bi-Spectral Infrared Detection (Bird) Small Satellite

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