<title>Millimeter-wave high-resolution holographic surveillance system</title>

Abstract

AB&RACTMillimeter wave holographic imaging systems capable of imaging through clothing to detect contraband, metal, plastic, or ceramic weapons may provide a practical solution to personnel inspection needs in mass transportation centers. TraditiOnal inspection systems, such as metal detectors and x-ray imaging systems, have limitations for the detection of concealed weapons. Metal detectors are limited because they cannot detect plastic weapons and x-ray imaging systems are limited in use due to radiological health considerations. A prototype millimeter wave holographic surveillance system has been developed and demonstrated at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The prototype millimeter wave holographic surveillance system developed at PNL consists of a sequentially switched 2 x 64 elemsnt array coupled to a 35 GHz bi-static transceiver. The sequentially Switched array of antennas can be used to obtain the holographic data at high s by electronically sequencing the antennas along one dimension and performing a mechanical scan along the other dimension. A one-dimensional mechanical scan can be performed in about one second. The prototype system scans an aperture of 0.75 by 2.05 m. This system has been demonstrated and images have been obtained on volunteers at Sea-Tac InternatiOnal airport in Seattle, Washington.

Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Imaging in Security Applications

“…The technology employed in the portal was developed by Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs [62,63], and later licensed to L-3. The system consists of a linear array of 35 GHz radar transceivers, mounted on a platform that carries out a cylindrical scan of the subject person, located on the rotation axis of the linear array.…”

<title>Sensors for military special operations and law enforcement applications</title>

“…Ofthe active devices we have studied thus far, the holographic system developed by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratoiy gives the best images [3,4,5]. In general, only a few milhiwatts ofMMW energy are required to provide adequate signal-to-noise ratio, so that there is no danger to humans or animals from the low power levels used.…”

“…Earlier versions of this weapon detector actually used a scanner which rotated through part of a circle repetitively because of the necessity to place the entire sensor on the rotating platform and resulting problems with cable limitations. Millimeter-wave holographic and visible images of a mannequin concealing a handgun beneath its clothing [3,4,5]. Millimeter-wave holographic and visible images of a mannequin concealing a handgun beneath its clothing [3,4,5].…”

Virtual Human Imaging

“…Current devices operate using a millimeter wave transceiver to reflect the signal off the human body and any objects carried on it. These devices penetrate items that are less dense, such as clothing and hair [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,45]. Unlike the latest metal detectors, the system can also detect non-metal threats or contraband, including plastics, liquids, drugs and ceramic weapons hidden under clothing.…”