1999
DOI: 10.1117/12.348460
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<title>Perceptual rules for watermarking images: a psychophysical study of the visual basis for digital pattern encryption</title>

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Cited by 3 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…This was not strictly necessary in the experiments reported here since it was clear that the target was present in the interval with higher overall or local grating contrast. We retained this protocol, however, so that we might be able to relate the present results to other experiments (especially involving natural image stimuli) where the observer can clearly tell that the two stimulus intervals looked different but cannot reliably say which is ''correct'' (e.g., Lauritzen, Pelah, & Tolhurst, 1999;To, Chirimuuta, Turnham, & Tolhurst, 2012;Tolhurst et al, 2010). There was no fixation point, and observers were free to look at any part of the stimulus.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This was not strictly necessary in the experiments reported here since it was clear that the target was present in the interval with higher overall or local grating contrast. We retained this protocol, however, so that we might be able to relate the present results to other experiments (especially involving natural image stimuli) where the observer can clearly tell that the two stimulus intervals looked different but cannot reliably say which is ''correct'' (e.g., Lauritzen, Pelah, & Tolhurst, 1999;To, Chirimuuta, Turnham, & Tolhurst, 2012;Tolhurst et al, 2010). There was no fixation point, and observers were free to look at any part of the stimulus.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…a frame duration of 10 ms, which is insuf cient for phosphor decay). Speci cally, Lauritzen et al (1999) reported more masking when the target is on a bright non-textured part of a complex image than there is when this non-textured part is dark. Clearly, residual luminance from a bright area will substantiall y reduce the actual contrast of a subsequent Gabor patch whose nominal contrast is near threshold, while the negligible residue from a darker area will have a substantiall y lower effect.…”
Section: Artifacts With Time-varying Patterns: Stereo and Image Fusiomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This trick is commonly used to produce plaids (sums of drifting gratings of, at least, different orientations), but there are a number of other applications for image fusion with sequential displays. Lauritzen et al (1998Lauritzen et al ( , 1999 used this technique to combine masking images with target Gabor patches, and they measured detection thresholds for the target as a function of characteristics of the masks and of the relative location of the target within the mask. Without denying an undoubted effect that the mask must have in ideal conditions, phosphor persistence must have played a role in their results given the frame rate of 100 Hz (i.e.…”
Section: Artifacts With Time-varying Patterns: Stereo and Image Fusiomentioning
confidence: 99%