<title>Wavelength ratiometric fluorescent probes for glucose</title>

Abstract

We have developed a new series of glucose sensitive fluorophores that display shifts in emission wavelengths upon the binding of glucose. Complexation of glucose with the boronic acid moiety changes both its orbital hybridization and its ability to accept and donate electrons. This change results in distinct emission spectra for the fluorophores when free in solution or complexed with glucose.

Microcapsule Biosensors Using Competitive Binding Resonance Energy Transfer Assays Based on Apoenzymes

“…Therefore, in recent years, interest toward developing biosensors for continuous monitoring with high accuracy and specificity has increased. Glucose monitoring systems, in particular, have generated special interest because of the escalating worldwide impact of diabetes and the potential to minimize the undesirable effects of the disease through “tight” glucose control. , While some minimally invasive devices for continuous glucose monitoring have reached the market, these have not reached widespread use for a number of reasons; therefore, optical sensors are still being pursued as alternatives, as they may transduce chemical concentration information into an optical signal that may be analyzed spectroscopically. − While glucose monitors are driving sensor development, it is expected that such devices, if available, could also be modified to monitor other biochemicals, hormones, etc. for managing other medical conditions.…”

Glucose-Sensitive Nanoassemblies Comprising Affinity-Binding Complexes Trapped in Fuzzy Microshells

“…The surface potential of MF particles was measured to determine the contribution of electrostatic forces to dextran-Con A association for deposition of the multilayers with the architecture: {(FITC-Dextran/TRITC-ConA) 3 /FITC-Dextran/(PAH/PSS) 4 /PAH}. The average and standard deviation of the multiple zeta potential measurements for the particles after addition of each layer are given in Fig.…”

“…Fully-implantable systems with wireless communication are an ideal solution; however, while many such devices are under development, the stability of enzymeelectrochemical systems remains a difficult obstacle to overcome. Sensors based on optical measurements are an attractive alternative, as they may transduce chemical concentration information into an optical signal which may be analyzed spectroscopically [3][4][5][6][7]. Glucose sensors based on fluorescence spectroscopy, due to the high sensitivity and potentially superior specificity based on molecular recognition, are being investigated by many groups [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Thus, glucose concentration can be estimated from RET efficiency, and the ratiometric nature of the RET analysis method allows variations in instrumental parameters, assay component concentrations, and measurement configuration to be internally compensated [15][16][17]. Similarly Lakowicz [4,[18][19][20], and Pickup [7,21] investigated glucose assays based on affinity binding between Con A and dextran using fluorescence lifetime measurements. The best reported Con A/dextran systems for sensing glucose based on competitive binding and RET, had the sensitivity in the range of ~10 −4 ratio units/(mg/dL) [12].…”

Resonance Energy Transfer Nanobiosensors Based on Affinity Binding between Apo-Enzyme and Its Substrate

“…Glucose monitoring systems are of tremendous commercial interest because the incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing uncontrollably worldwide . Frequent monitoring of glucose levels, followed by appropriate actions to maintain normoglycemia, is necessary to minimize the adverse affects of diabetes.…”