LTE backbone for heterogenous architectures

Review of network integration techniques for mobile broadband services in next generation network

“…While WAG allows a visited LTE network to generate charging information for users accessing via the WLAN access network, in the roaming case. Figure 6: Architecture for WLAN and 3GPP LTE/SAE interworking [3] It also filters out packets based on unencrypted information in the packets. PDG on the other hand accepts or rejects the requested WLAN access point name (W-APN) according to the decision made by the 3GPP AAA Server.…”

“…The UE accesses the P-GW through the ePDG using the SWn (toward non-3GPP network) and S2b interfaces. The UE has to setup a secure tunnel with the ePDG through the untrusted WLAN network over the SWu interface (toward the UE) [3,5,8].…”

“…The S2a and S2c are used to control and provide mobility with WiMAX because WiMAX is considered from the 3GPP point of view as a trusted non-3GPP wireless network. The S101 interface also plays an important role by connecting the LTE-MME with the WiMAX Access Service Network (ASN) [3,8,9]. LTE -UTRAN/GERAN Interworking: Many of the wireless operators have existing UTRAN/GERAN networks and they want to keep them prior to fully upgrading to LTE.…”

“…Heterogeneous networks have different radio access technologies (RATs). Therefore, an appropriate interworking of the wireless access systems is crucial to meet the dynamic mobile users' expectations while also making their coexistence possible [3,4]. Individually, some of the different `RATs cannot provide reasonable support for MBBs.…”

Capacity Improvement and Protection of LTE Network on Ethernet Based Technique

“…Yi Shi et al [6] introduced a novel wireless backhaul framework for small cell networks by introducing a new backhauling component, which is referred to as Type-A relay in order to capable of communicating simultaneously with two macrocells by leveraging the downlink resource of one cell as well as the uplink resource of the other, which effectively operates in full-duplex mode without incurring additional costs to acquire carrier resources. Vijayalakshmy et al [7] presented the analyzing of convergence of 3G (3rd Generation), IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.11 with an LTE backbone network for improving the network performance. Christian et al [8] reviews the use case for MPLS-TP ring protection switching, how one of the proposed mechanisms, namely MPLS-TP Ring Protection Switching (MRPS), can address the ISSN: 1693-6930 …”