Lubricants Technology Applied to Transmissions in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles

Narita, Keiichi; Takekawa, Daisuke

doi:10.4271/2019-01-2338

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Lubricants play important roles in vehicles. Recent progress in lubrication has been reported in areas such as bio-lubricants, mineral oil-based lubricants, nanoparticle additives, and carbon nanotube-based lubricants, among others (Rensselar, 2010;Zin et al, 2016;Syahir et al, 2017;Dassenoy, 2019;Narita and Takekawa, 2019). The research efforts on lubricants have been of obtaining higher resistance to copper corrosion and compatibility with polymers employed in the electronic components of EV/HEV (Lin et al, 2011;Hunt et al, 2017).…”

Section: Needs and Challenges In Electric And Hybrid Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these types of vehicles, the emotor is directly integrated with the DCT box and is cooled by transmission lubricant. Because the lubricating fluid is in contact with the electrical components, it is highly important that it has superior electric properties like electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric strength (Narita and Takekawa, 2019).…”

Section: Lubricants and Their Uses In Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incompatibility of the lubricants with the explosive electrolytes of the batteries and the motor parts could be dangerous and hazardous. The use of low-viscosity lubricants will also be necessitated by the aim to achieve higher heat transfer (Narita and Takekawa, 2019). Table 6 summarizes the key parameters required for EV and compares it with ICE vehicles.…”

Section: Requirements For Ev Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reduction in film thickness will result in a higher operating temperature leading to reduced fatigue life of bearings (Peskoe-Yang, 2020). In lubricant design, the use of organic molecules with a longer chain and less branching will enhance heat transfer on account of intermolecular collisions (Narita and Takekawa, 2019). It has been found that even low amounts of phosphorus or sulfur may be extremely detrimental to components.…”

Section: Lubricant Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Characteristics of Lubricants in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: A Review of Current and Future Needs

et al. 2020

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Electric and hybrid vehicles are gaining increasing attention in recent years. The distinguished difference between electric/hybrid vehicles from conventional ones is the intermittent on-and-off control of the internal combustion engine, whereas the electric vehicles operate on electrical motors. This difference creates new requirements in lubricants with performance characteristics that are otherwise uncritical: electrical properties (such as electrical conductivity and breakdown voltage) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, among others), in addition to fluidic performance that we have studied for decades. In this review, we discuss about lubricants for electric and hybrid vehicles in the following aspects. Starting with a brief historic review, we gathered information about current needs and challenges in electric and hybrid vehicles. We then compared the properties of lubricants, followed by the performance difference of those vehicles in terms of frictional performance, thermal management, and dielectric breakdown. Performance parameters are critically dependent on the properties of lubricants that are crucial for energy efficiency and reliability. This review can be used as a guidance for the future design of advanced lubricants for electric and hybrid vehicles.

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Section: Needs and Challenges In Electric And Hybrid Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lubricants and Their Uses In Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Requirements For Ev Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lubricant Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Characteristics of Lubricants in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: A Review of Current and Future Needs

et al. 2020

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“…The higher the speed of the tribological component, the higher the temperature generated in the lubricant. Because of that, the development of lubricants for EVs nowadays is moving towards low viscosity lubricants, which have better cooling properties and higher temperature stability (Narita and Takekawa, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Additives in Water-Based Lubricants for Bearing Steel – Effect of Electrical Conductivity and pH on Surface Chemistry, Friction and Wear

2022

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Water-based lubricants have the potential to become the largest environmentally friendly lubricants in applications such as electric vehicles and the newly emerging green technologies of the future due to their inherent low viscosity and cooling properties. In order to be environmentally acceptable (EAL), both base lubricants and additives should comply with biodegradability, non-toxicity, and non-bioaccumulation requirements. Additives for water-based lubricants should ideally be polar and soluble in water and, at the same time, should not increase the electrical conductivity to critical levels for corrosion. However, most additives used in synthetic or mineral oils are non-polar. Ionic liquids have recently gained attention as lubricant additives due to their high polarity, making them highly surface-active (i.e. high tendency to adsorb on metal surfaces). However, they are seen as highly corrosive for many metal alloys. In this work, a water-glycol lubricant containing two different ionic liquids has been investigated as a potential green lubricant for a bearing steel AISI 52100 with accurate control on electrical conductivity and pH. The selected ionic liquids were tributylmethylphosphonium dimethylphosphate (PP) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (BMP). The tribological behaviour of the ionic liquids was compared with a well-known organic friction modifier, dodecanoic acid (C12). The ionic liquids showed lower friction and wear rate than the water-based lubricant alone. However, they showed higher friction than the lubricant formulated with C12, in which PP gave lower friction than BMP due to low pH. A detailed subsurface analysis of the wear track using scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM) showed that a thick oxide tribofilm was built on the wear track for both lubricants formulated with ionic liquids due to high electrical conductivity. This tribofilm gave beneficial effect on wear. Although PP and BMP gave thicker tribofilms than C12, it was not durable, resulting in cracking and detachment.

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Electrified tribotesting of lubricants and materials used in electric vehicle drivelines

Farfan-Cabrera,

Erdemir,

Cao-Romero-Gallegos

et al. 2024

Electric Vehicle Tribology

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Lubricants Technology Applied to Transmissions in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Performance Characteristics of Lubricants in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: A Review of Current and Future Needs

Performance Characteristics of Lubricants in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: A Review of Current and Future Needs

Ionic Liquid Additives in Water-Based Lubricants for Bearing Steel – Effect of Electrical Conductivity and pH on Surface Chemistry, Friction and Wear

Electrified tribotesting of lubricants and materials used in electric vehicle drivelines

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