Lubrication Mechanism of the Larynx during Phonation: An Experiment in Excised Canine Larynges

Nakagawa, Hideki; Fukuda, Hiroyuki; Kawaida, Masahiro; Shiotani, Akiko; Kanzaki, Jin

doi:10.1159/000021460

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The viscosity of mucus has been shown by Nakagava et al [34] to affect the vocal fold function as well: a low-viscosity lubricant was associated with better function of the vocal fold mucosa than a high-viscosity lubricant in excised canine larynges. Thus, the fluid intake during the lunch break may have reduced the viscosity of either the vocal fold tissue or the mucus (or both), thereby making voice production easier and decreasing 'symptoms of the voice'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Loading-Related Subjective Symptoms during a Vocal Loading Test with Special Reference to Gender and Some Ergonomic Factors

Vintturi

Alku²,

Sala

et al. 2003

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Vocal loading-related subjective symptoms were studied in a day-long vocal loading test. The voices of 40 female and 40 male voluntary young students were loaded by having them read aloud a novel for five times 45 min. The subjective symptoms that occurred during the vocal loading session were reported by filling in a questionnaire after each session. The responses loaded on five factors in a factor analysis: (1) ‘central fatigue’; (2) ‘symptoms of the neck, shoulders and back’; (3) ‘drying in the mouth and throat’; (4) ‘symptoms of the throat’; (5) ‘symptoms of the voice’. The exposure groups (5 females and 5 males per cell) consisted of eight combinations of the following factors: (1) low (25 ± 5%) or high (65 ± 5%) relative humidity of ambient air; (2) low [<65 dB(SPL)] or high [>65 dB(SPL)] speech output level of vocal loading; (3) sitting or standing posture during vocal loading. The lowest mean score for symptoms pooled over the test were found in ‘symptoms of the neck, shoulders and back’ and the highest mean symptom score in ‘drying in the mouth and throat’ and ‘symptoms of the throat’. Most symptoms were at their minimum during the first loading session and increased statistically significantly to a peak mean value after three or five vocal loading sessions. Statistically significant differences in the mean level between the gender or exposure groups emerged for ‘central fatigue’ (humidity had clear effects) and ‘symptoms of the neck, shoulders and back’ (gender, humidity and posture had clear effects). In these cases, females had more symptoms than males; the low-humidity group had more symptoms than the high-humidity group, and the standing subjects had more symptoms than the sitting subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Loading-Related Subjective Symptoms during a Vocal Loading Test with Special Reference to Gender and Some Ergonomic Factors

Vintturi

Alku²,

Sala

et al. 2003

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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“…Larynx mucous viscosity influences vocal fold vibration 28 . Nakagawa et al 29 applied fluids of different viscosities on the vocal folds of dogs and noticed that the higher the viscosity, the less is vocal fold range of vibration and smaller glottic contact area, thus affecting vocal fold surface movement. Knowledge about aquaporins is already being used for the treatment cerebral edema with progesterone (Guo et al) 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesquisa de estrógeno e progesterona no epitélio das pregas vocais de mulheres por imunohistoquímica

Rios¹,

Duprat²,

Santos³

2008

Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol.

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A laringe é extremamente sensível a mudanças endocrinológicas. A maioria das alterações da mucosa das pregas vocais é causada por modificações do conteúdo líquido das pregas vocais e das suas modificações epiteliais. O estrógeno e a progesterona interferem e modificam esse conteúdo líquido das pregas vocais. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a presença de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona no epitélio das pregas vocais de mulheres. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo de casos prospectivos. Foram realizados exames de imunohistoquímica para receptores de estrógeno e progesterona em 19 espécimes de epitélio de pregas vocais que não apresentavam quaisquer indícios de afecção, inclusive inflamatória. Foram descartados casos de pacientes com idade superior a 40 anos e inferior a 15 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados receptores para progesterona em 18 de 19 pacientes. Os receptores de progesterona estão localizados tanto no núcleo quanto no citoplasma e principalmente na camada basal. Não houve nenhum caso de receptores de estrógeno nas pregas vocais. CONCLUSÃO: O epitélio das pregas vocais apresenta receptores para progesterona, tanto no citoplasma quanto no núcleo. Não foram encontrados receptores para estrógeno no epitélio das pregas vocais estudadas.

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“…The mucus produced in the respiratory tract is transported upwards to the subglottis by the ciliated epithelial cells of the airways [28] and further through the larynx by the mucosal waves of the glottic region [29]. The increased amount of mucus in the glottis may have enhanced the lubrification of the vocal folds, which has been found to be important for vocal fold function [30]. On the other hand, insufficient hydration has been shown to have adverse effects on voice production, which might be due to increased viscosity of the vocal fold tissue [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, insufficient hydration has been shown to have adverse effects on voice production, which might be due to increased viscosity of the vocal fold tissue [11]. The viscosity of mucus has been shown by Nakagawa et al [30] to affect the vocal fold function as well: a low-viscosity lubricant is associated with a better function of the vocal fold mucosa than a high-viscosity lubricant in excised canine larynges. Fluid intake during lunch might have reduced the viscosity of either the vocal fold tissue or the mucus (or both), thereby making voice production easier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Post-Loading Rest on Acoustic Parameters with Special Reference to Gender and Ergonomic Factors

Vintturi

Alku²,

Lauri

et al. 2001

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It is a common experience that vocal quality changes during a break in vocal loading. The purpose of the present study was (1) to analyse the effects of a short post-loading vocal rest in terms of changes in a large variety of voice parameters and (2) to assess the possible effects of gender and exposure factors on these changes. The voices of a randomly chosen group of 40 female and 40 male young students were loaded by having them read aloud a novel. Two sets of voice samples were recorded: a post-loading sample after three times 45-min vocal loading during the morning and a post-resting sample after a 45-min lunch break. The material recorded consisted of /pa:ppa/ words produced normally, as softly and as loudly as possible in this order. The long /a/ vowel of the test word was inverse-filtered to obtain the glottal flow waveform. Time-domain parameters of the glottal flow [open quotient, closing quotient (ClQ), speed quotient (SQ), fundamental frequency (F₀)], amplitude-domain parameters of the glottal flow [glottal flow, minimum of the first derivative of glottal flow, amplitude quotient (AQ)], intraoral pressure and sound pressure level (SPL) values of the phonations were analysed. Voice range profiles and the singer’s formant (g/G, a/A, c^∣/c, e^∣/e, g^∣/g for females/males) of the loud phonations were also measured. The subjects were divided into eight exposure groups (5 females and 5 males per cell) according to different combinations of the following exposure factors: (1) low (25 ± 5%) or high (65 ± 5%) relative humidity of ambient air, (2) low [<65 dB(A)] or high [>65 dB(A)] speech output level during vocal loading and (3) sitting or standing posture during vocal loading. Statistically significant differences between the post-loading and post-resting samples could be observed in many parameters (the values of intraoral pressure in the soft phonations decreased, the values of SPL and SQ in the normal phonations decreased and the values of AQ, F₀ and ClQ in the normal phonations increased). Most of the differences reflected a shift towards softer phonation. Gender and exposure factors also had significant effects.

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Lubrication Mechanism of the Larynx during Phonation: An Experiment in Excised Canine Larynges

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Loading-Related Subjective Symptoms during a Vocal Loading Test with Special Reference to Gender and Some Ergonomic Factors

Loading-Related Subjective Symptoms during a Vocal Loading Test with Special Reference to Gender and Some Ergonomic Factors

Pesquisa de estrógeno e progesterona no epitélio das pregas vocais de mulheres por imunohistoquímica

The Effects of Post-Loading Rest on Acoustic Parameters with Special Reference to Gender and Ergonomic Factors

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