Lumber: Engineered-Strand

Craig, Bruce A.; Abdullahi, A.A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.01988-3

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The weighted density of LSL was estimated at 647.2 OD kg/m³ [including additives]. Although this density was much higher than the incoming logs, it is consistent with the values reported by other studies [12,30,31]. A brief description of the unit processes is presented next.…”

Section: Resource Extraction (A1)supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Table 1 shows the contribution of the different regions supplying hardwood logs to produce LSL in North America. The weighted average density of incoming logs was 385 OD kg/m³, far less than the final product which has an expected range of 625 to 690 kg/m³ depending on the grade of the LSL produced [12]. This difference is from the substantial pressing of the mat into the billet.…”

Section: Resource Extraction (A1)mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Laminated strand lumber (LSL) is an important member of the family of SCL [12]. They are made of wood strands pressed together and bonded with adhesive into billets (large, densified mats) which are then cut into different sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle Assessment of North American Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL) Production

Khatri¹,

Sahoo²,

Bergman³

et al. 2021

RPM

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Raw materials for buildings and construction account for more than 35% of global primary energy use and nearly 40% of energy-related CO2 emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasized the drastic reduction in GHG emissions and thus, wood products with very low or negative carbon footprint materials can play an important role. In this study, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was followed to quantify the environmental impacts of laminated strand lumber (LSL). The inventory data represented North American LSL production in terms of input materials, including wood and resin, electricity and fuel use, and production facility emissions for the 2019 production year. The contribution of cradle-to-gate life cycle stages was substantial (>70%) towards the total (cradle-to-grave) environmental impacts of LSL. The cradle-to-gate LCA results per m³ LSL were estimated to be 275 kg CO2 eq global warming, 39.5 kg O3eq smog formation, 1.7 kg SO2 eq acidification, 0.2 kg N eq eutrophication, and 598 MJ fossil fuel depletion. Resin production as a part of resource extraction contributed 124 kg CO2 eq (45%). The most relevant unit processes in their decreasing contribution to their cradle-to-grave GW impacts were resource extraction, end-of-life (EoL), transportation (resources and product), and LSL manufacturing. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that the use of adhesive, consumption of electricity, and transport distance had the greatest influences on the LCA results. Considering the whole life cycle of the LSL, the final product stored 1,010 kg CO2 eq/m³ of LSL, roughly two times more greenhouse gas emissions over than what was released (493 kg CO2 eq/m³ of LSL) from cradle-to-grave. Overall, LSL has a negative GW impact and acts as a carbon sink if used in the construction sector. The study results are intended to be important for future studies, including waste disposal and recycling strategies to optimize environmental trade-offs.

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Section: Resource Extraction (A1)supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resource Extraction (A1)mentioning

confidence: 91%