Luminance-dependent visual processing enables moth flight in low light

Sponberg, Simon; Dyhr, Jonathan P.; Hall, Richard; Daniel, Thomas L.

doi:10.1126/science.aaa3042

Cited by 136 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The genome structural annotation was performed using Maker-P Floral volatiles serve to attract pollinators but will also be perceived by unwanted herbivores 48 . Volatile emission in P. axillaris is under circadian control, peaking at dusk when its nocturnal hawkmoth pollinator visits 49 . Although this specific output is known quite well, the genetic structure of the circadian clock itself is understudied in Petunia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

et al. 2016

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Petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

et al. 2016

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“…Control theory provides a common framework to quantify and interpret the behaviour of the whole animal through perturbations to exogenous reference signals and measurements of corresponding behavioural responses (for reviews, see [13,14]). Closed-loop neuromechanical modelling has been used to investigate the feedback control of diverse biological systems and behaviours, including flight control in moths [15,16] and flies [17 -19], flower tracking in moths [20], postural balance in humans [21,22] and refuge-tracking in fish [8,23,24].…”

Section: Closed-loop Model Of Multisensory Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modulation of visual and electrosensory gains for locomotor control

Sutton

Demir

Stamper

et al. 2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Animal nervous systems resolve sensory conflict for the control of movement. For example, the glass knifefish, Eigenmannia virescens, relies on visual and electrosensory feedback as it swims to maintain position within a moving refuge. To study how signals from these two parallel sensory streams are used in refuge tracking, we constructed a novel augmented reality apparatus that enables the independent manipulation of visual and electrosensory cues to freely swimming fish (n ¼ 5). We evaluated the linearity of multisensory integration, the change to the relative perceptual weights given to vision and electrosense in relation to sensory salience, and the effect of the magnitude of sensory conflict on sensorimotor gain. First, we found that tracking behaviour obeys superposition of the sensory inputs, suggesting linear sensorimotor integration. In addition, fish rely more on vision when electrosensory salience is reduced, suggesting that fish dynamically alter sensorimotor gains in a manner consistent with Bayesian integration. However, the magnitude of sensory conflict did not significantly affect sensorimotor gain. These studies lay the theoretical and experimental groundwork for future work investigating multisensory control of locomotion.

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“…This flower-tracking behavior has become an experimental paradigm for the study of visuomotor responses (3,4). However, the proboscis is covered with mechanosensory sensilla, and specifically, the basal sensilla of pilifer are thought to encode the deflection of the proboscis with respect to the head (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In redundant neural control systems, inhibiting a single pathway manifests little change in performance. Moreover, animals may adapt to such manipulations; recent studies of this flower-tracking behavior have illuminated mechanisms that compensate for reduced light (4). Thus, sensory isolation may not be informative of the sensory dynamics under natural conditions, when a suite of senses participate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Integration of parallel mechanosensory and visual pathways resolved through sensory conflict

Roth

Hall

Daniel

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The acquisition of information from parallel sensory pathways is a hallmark of coordinated movement in animals. Insect flight, for example, relies on both mechanosensory and visual pathways. Our challenge is to disentangle the relative contribution of each modality to the control of behavior. Toward this end, we show an experimental and analytical framework leveraging sensory conflict, a means for independently exciting and modeling separate sensory pathways within a multisensory behavior. As a model, we examine the hovering flower-feeding behavior in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. In the laboratory, moths feed from a robotically actuated two-part artificial flower that allows independent presentation of visual and mechanosensory cues. Freely flying moths track lateral flower motion stimuli in an assay spanning both coupled motion, in which visual and mechanosensory cues follow the same motion trajectory, and sensory conflict, in which the two sensory modalities encode different motion stimuli. Applying a frequency-domain system identification analysis, we find that the tracking behavior is, in fact, multisensory and arises from a linear summation of visual and mechanosensory pathways. The response dynamics are highly preserved across individuals, providing a model for predicting the response to novel multimodal stimuli. Surprisingly, we find that each pathway in and of itself is sufficient for driving tracking behavior. When multiple sensory pathways elicit strong behavioral responses, this parallel architecture furnishes robustness via redundancy.sensory integration | redundancy | animal locomotion | control theory | system identification A nimals rely on a convergence of information across parallel sensory pathways to control locomotion. In these neural control strategies, one sensory modality may contribute concurrently to several behaviors (a one-to-many mapping), and conversely, several sensory modalities may collectively govern a single behavior (a many-to-one mapping). A continuing aim in studies of animal behavior is to extricate the contribution of an individual sensory modality from the ensemble of pathways (that is, the one-to-one mapping from a sensory percept to the locomotor action; e.g., the optomotor response, chemotaxis, vestibular postural reflex, etc.). The dynamics of locomotor behaviors, however, are shaped by the combination of and interactions between sensorimotor pathways. Therein remains a fundamental challenge in understanding multisensory integration: how does the nervous system combine these streams of information to control behavior, and how do we separate the relative contributions of sensory pathways in the context of a parallel topology?There is no single answer. Across taxa and behaviors, nervous systems instantiate varied policies for integrating sensory information across modalities. In many instances, parallel sensory pathways serve complementary roles. For example, when humans perform reaching tasks, the planning of motion trajectories relies heavily on visual information, wher...

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Luminance-dependent visual processing enables moth flight in low light

Cited by 136 publications

References 60 publications

Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

Dynamic modulation of visual and electrosensory gains for locomotor control

Integration of parallel mechanosensory and visual pathways resolved through sensory conflict

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