Lung cancer chemoprevention: current status and future directions

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. In the United States, lung cancer causes more death per annum than colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers combined. While smoking prevention and cessation are essential strategies against lung cancer, they are often ineffective, and former smokers remain at lower, yet persistent risks. The magnitude of the tobacco epidemic and burden of lung cancer will continue to escalate globally, underscoring the importance of advancing chemoprevention research. Recently, exciting results from phase 2b randomized control trials are beginning to emerge. Advancements in understanding clinical tumor biology, diagnostic technology, and bioinformatics will continue to propel significant progress in the field. This update will provide a general overview of the background and rationale for lung cancer chemoprevention, review important results from historical trials, summarize key findings from recently completed studies, and discuss ongoing clinical trials and future directions for lung cancer chemoprevention.

Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract Mediates Antineoplastic Effects against Lung Cancer via Modulations of Prostacyclin and 15-HETE Eicosanoid Pathways

“…Despite advancements in anticancer treatments, the 5-year survival for lung cancer remains dismal (32). The lack of effective therapy provides the impetus to search for alternative, safe, and efficacious agents for lung cancer chemoprevention, to impede the driving force of cancerization, and prevent lung cancer development in at-risk individuals (34). The encouraging findings from phase IIb lung cancer chemoprevention trials with celecoxib and iloprost have engendered discussions on developing a study using a combination of the two agents, so that iloprost may negate the increased cardiovascular risk associated with pharmaceutical COX-2 inhibitors, while exerting synergistic antineoplastic effects.…”

A Pilot Study of a Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract for Lung Cancer Chemoprevention

“…Despite significant advancements in anticancer treatments, the 5-year survival rate for lung cancer remains dismal. The lack of effective therapy provides the impetus to search for alternative, safe, and efficacious agents for lung cancer chemoprevention, to impede the driving forces of cancerization, and prevent the development of lung cancer in at-risk individuals (20). Whereas chemopreventive approaches have been proven successful for various cancers such as breast and colon cancer (21,22), successes in phase III lung cancer chemoprevention trials have remained elusive.…”

MicroRNA-19a/b mediates grape seed procyanidin extract-induced anti-neoplastic effects against lung cancer

“…Despite advancements in anti-cancer treatment, the 5-year survival for lung cancer remains dismal [30][31][32]. The lack of effective therapy provides the impetus to search for alternative, safe and efficacious agents for lung cancer chemoprevention, to impede the driving force of cancerization, and prevent lung cancer development in at-risk individuals [33]. In this study, we demonstrate novel GSE mediated anti-neoplastic mechanisms involving modulations of oncomirs and the efficacy of leucoselect phytosome against lung cancer; modulation of these mechanisms may also be useful as SEBM in future clinical trials.…”