Lung cancer risk among US radiologic technologists, 1983–1998

Rajaraman, Preetha; Sigurdson, Alice J.; Doody, Michele M.; Freedman, D. Michal; Hauptmann, Michael; Ron, Elaine; Alexander, Bruce H.; Linet, Martha S.

doi:10.1002/ijc.22148

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, several studies have not shown an increased risk of lung cancer: physicians in the British Radiological Society (Berrington et al , 2001); US radiological technicians (Rajaraman et al , 2006); nuclear industry workers (Carpenter et al , 1994; Omar et al , 1999); the National Registry for Radiation Workers (Muirhead et al , 1999); and combined analysis of UK, USA and Canadian studies (Cardis et al , 1995). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational cancer in Britain

Brown

Darnton²,

Fortunato³

et al. 2012

Br J Cancer

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational cancer in Britain

Brown

Darnton²,

Fortunato³

et al. 2012

Br J Cancer

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“…Radiation is a risk factor that is responsible for increased incidence of cancer among healthcare staff working in a radiology department. The US Radiologic Technologist Health Study observed between 1983 and 1998 that there was an increased rate of breast cancer among female radiographers [9]. The study found out that lead aprons provided no protection to the axillary region or the lateral aspect of the breast especially in individuals with large breasts [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Seamless Knitted Radiation Shielding Garments with 3D Body Scanning Technology

Maghrabi

Vijayan

Wang

et al. 2015

Procedia Technology

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Protective aprons for medical use shield against the effects of radiation. The aprons are universally tailored to fit both male and female bodies without due consideration to the differences that abound between masculine and feminine bodies. To date very little emphasis has been shown on the development of aprons to suit the needs of the female anatomy specifically the breast region as well as consideration of the body shape of pregnant women. This research reviews the needs to develop an X-ray protective garment that is specifically tailored for the female body. Protective aprons designed to fit the female physique incorporating curvature around specific parts of the body namely hip and breast regions as well as the suitability of the apron for use by pregnant women have been explored. Emphasis has been shown on the fit of the garment to impart improved wearer mobility. 3D body scanning technology was used to determine the fit of the developed designs and understand the significance of air gaps between the body and the garment.

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“…There was little evidence of exposure-response for thyroid cancer ( 11 ) and lung cancer ( 12 ). The overall results, based on work history as a surrogate for occupational radiation exposure, suggested an exposure-response relation because risks were elevated among those employed in earlier years when radiation exposures were highest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Organ Doses Received in a Nationwide Cohort of U.S. Radiologic Technologists: Methods and Findings

et al. 2014

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In this article, we describe recent methodological enhancements and findings from the dose reconstruction component of a study of health risks among U.S. radiologic technologists. An earlier version of the dosimetry published in 2006 used physical and statistical models, literature-reported exposure measurements for the years before 1960, and archival personnel monitoring badge data from cohort members through 1984. The data and models previously described were used to estimate annual occupational radiation doses for 90,000 radiological technologists, incorporating information about each individual's employment practices based on a baseline survey conducted in the mid-1980s. The dosimetry methods presented here, while using many of the same methods as before, now estimate 2.23 million annual badge doses (personal dose equivalent) for the years 1916–1997 for 110,374 technologists, but with numerous methodological improvements. Every technologist's annual dose is estimated as a probability density function to reflect uncertainty about the true dose. Multiple realizations of the entire cohort distribution were derived to account for shared uncertainties and possible biases in the input data and assumptions used. Major improvements in the dosimetry methods from the earlier version include: A substantial increase in the number of cohort member annual badge dose measurements; Additional information on individual apron usage obtained from surveys conducted in the mid-1990s and mid-2000s; Refined modeling to develop lognormal annual badge dose probability density functions using censored data regression models; Refinements of cohort-based annual badge probability density functions to reflect individual work patterns and practices reported on questionnaires and to more accurately assess minimum detection limits; and Extensive refinements in organ dose conversion coefficients to account for uncertainties in radiographic machine settings for the radiographic techniques employed. For organ dose estimation, we rely on well-researched assumptions about critical exposure-related variables and their changes over the decades, including the peak kilovoltage and filtration typically used in conducting radiographic examinations, and the usual body location for wearing radiation monitoring badges, the latter based on both literature and national recommendations. We have derived organ dose conversion coefficients based on air-kerma weighting of photon fluences from published X-ray spectra and derived energy-dependent transmission factors for protective lead aprons of different thicknesses. Findings are presented on estimated organ doses for 12 organs and tissues: red bone marrow, female breast, thyroid, brain, lung, heart, colon, ovary, testes, skin of trunk, skin of head and neck and arms, and lens of the eye.

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Lung cancer risk among US radiologic technologists, 1983–1998

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Occupational cancer in Britain

Occupational cancer in Britain

Design of Seamless Knitted Radiation Shielding Garments with 3D Body Scanning Technology

Radiation Organ Doses Received in a Nationwide Cohort of U.S. Radiologic Technologists: Methods and Findings

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