Lung Cancer: Understanding Its Molecular Pathology and the 2015 WHO Classification

Inamura, Kentaro

doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00193

Cited by 399 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. 1,2 Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) such as monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1 inhibitor) or its ligand (PD-L1 inhibitor) have revolutionized the clinical management of patients with aNSCLC. [3][4][5][6] In patients with previously treated aNSCLC, ICIs exhibited a Ivyspring International Publisher substantial improvement of prognosis compared to standard chemotherapy, as demonstrated by an improvement of five-year overall survival (OS) rate from 4.9% to 16%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-PD-1 Therapy plus Chemotherapy and/or Bevacizumab as Second Line or later Treatment for Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Zhang¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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Immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy exhibited outstanding efficacy in first line setting for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients. However, whether PD-1 inhibitor combined treatment is effective in second line or later setting remains unknown. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of combined therapy of PD-1 inhibitor with chemotherapy and/or bevacizumab compared to PD-1 inhibitor alone for aNSCLC patients in second line or later setting. Patients with aNSCLC who have received anti-PD-1 based therapy between 2015 and 2017 were screened, and 55 patients were ultimately included and divided into the monotherapy group (N=33) and the combination group (N=22). Patients treated with combination therapy exhibited superior PFS versus those treated with monotherapy (median PFS, 7.5 months vs 3.3 months; hazard ratio 0.28; 95% CI, 0.14-0.56; P＜0.001). Objective response rate and disease control rate were 31.8% (7/22) and 95.5% (21/22) in the combination group and 10.0% (3/30) and 46.7% (14/30) in the monotherapy group, respectively (ORR, P=0.075; DCR, P<0.001). Five patients (22.7%) experienced grade 3-4 adverse events in the combination group and two patients (6.1%) in the monotherapy group. Taken together, our results indicated that for NSCLC patients who had failed on the first-line or later treatment, PD-1 inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy and/or bevacizumab might be a favorable treatment option. These findings warrant further validation in prospective studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-PD-1 Therapy plus Chemotherapy and/or Bevacizumab as Second Line or later Treatment for Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Zhang¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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“…Although the systemic treatment approach in NSCLC according to the subtype has not changed profoundly through the years, the selection of a systemic treatment in metastatic cases has recently begun to differ based on molecular alterations and different histological subtypes of NSCLC. In addition to molecular changes that provide predictions for targeted therapies, separating NSCLC into two groups, that is, squamous and non-squamous, has been suggested to aid in selecting a more effective chemotherapy agent [4][5][6].…”

Section: Mutations In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Modifications and Potential Treatment Approaches in Lung Cancers

Budak¹,

Yıldız²

2018

Lung Cancer - Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment

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Alteration of methylation is a process seen across a wide variety of species ranging from bacterial microorganisms to mammals, defined as the adaptation method the organism develops against environmental or intrinsic effects, or employs to switch off the genome regions which are no longer required through the evolutionary process. Scientific advancements have allowed detecting the regions that undergo different patterns of methylation. It has been demonstrated that the control on changes in gene expression is not guided by transcription factors alone and that epigenetic alterations are also involved in this process. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications have been shown to be considerably important in cancer development. This section focuses on epigenetic changes and potential treatment options in lung cancer.

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“…According to different histomorphological features, lung cancer is divided into two categories, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which account for about 85% and 15% of total lung cancers, respectively. Further, NSCLC can be divided into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma . Lung cancer is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis due to their common symptoms and patients with lung cancer have a 5‐year survival rate of only 18.1% .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA‐198‐5p inhibits the migration and invasion of non‐small lung cancer cells by targeting fucosyltransferase 8

Wang

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Lung cancer is a leading cause of high mortality among cancer patients. According to different histomorphological features, lung cancer is divided into two categories, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which account for about 85% and 15% of total lung cancers, respectively. Further, NSCLC can be divided into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. 1 Lung cancer is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis due to their common symptoms and patients with lung cancer have a 5-year survival rate of only 18.1%. 2,3 Various diagnostic techniques like CT-imaging, bronchoscopy and sputum cytology and main treatments like surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been recently modified for better sensitivity and accuracy, but the outcomes are still not ideal due to the metastasis of lung cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the key factors and the molecular mechanisms involved in lung cancer metastasis for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.The invasion and migration of lung cancer cells are closely related to the abnormal glycosylation. Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), α1,6 fucosyltransferase, catalyses the transfer of fucose residues on GDP-fucose to the N-ligand oligosaccharides of glycoproteins linked Abstract displays crucial roles in various cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) is associated with tumour metastasis and prognosis. In this study, we explored the expression of miR-198-5p and FUT8 in NSCLC patients. Results showed that miR-198-5p was under-expressed in NSCLC tissues and was negatively correlated with tumour size, lymph node metastasis and tumour-node-metastasis stage, while FUT8 expression was highly upregulated.Next, we altered miR-198-5p expression using the mimic or inhibitor in the functional study. Results showed that miR-198-5p overexpression could inhibit the migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells; reversely, suppression of miR-198-5p enhanced cell migration, invasion and EMT. In vivo, miR-198-5p overexpression inhibited the formation of mouse lung and liver metastasis.Luciferase reporter, real-time PCR and western blot assays showed that miR-198-5p could directly target FUT8 and regulate FUT8 expression. Further, FUT8 overexpression reversed the effect of miR-198-5p overexpression on the migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC cells. Taken together, miR-198-5p functions as a tumour suppressor by targeting FUT8 in NSCLC. MiR-198-5p may be developed as a new diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. K E Y W O R D Sepithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, fucosyltransferase 8, invasion, microRNA-198-5p, migration, non-small cell lung cancer

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Lung Cancer: Understanding Its Molecular Pathology and the 2015 WHO Classification

Cited by 399 publications

References 59 publications

Anti-PD-1 Therapy plus Chemotherapy and/or Bevacizumab as Second Line or later Treatment for Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Anti-PD-1 Therapy plus Chemotherapy and/or Bevacizumab as Second Line or later Treatment for Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Epigenetic Modifications and Potential Treatment Approaches in Lung Cancers

MicroRNA‐198‐5p inhibits the migration and invasion of non‐small lung cancer cells by targeting fucosyltransferase 8

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