Lung Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Interstitial Lung Diseases

Amati, Francesco; Stainer, Anna; Mantero, Marco; Gramegna, Andrea; Simonetta, Edoardo; Suigo, Giulia; Voza, Antonio; Nambiar, Anoop M.; Cariboni, Umberto; Oldham, Justin M.; Molyneaux, P.L.; Spagnolo, Paolo; Blasi, Francesco; Aliberti, Stefano

doi:10.3390/ijms23020977

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This cycle sets the stage for bacteria to thrive, further altering microbial community membership 71,102 (Figure 2). Respiratory dysbiosis has been described in humans with nasal disease, 103,104 asthma, 1,105,106 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 1,106 bronchiectasis, 107,108 cystic fibrosis, 109,110 bacterial pneumonia, 109,110 and interstitial lung diseases 111 . For this review, the disease processes for which the microbiota have been described in dogs and cats will be discussed including inflammatory and neoplastic nasal disease (dogs and cats), chronic bronchitis (CB; dogs), asthma (cats), bacterial pneumonia (dogs), and interstitial lung diseases (dogs) and are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Airway Microbiota In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This significant difference did not extend to comparisons between healthy WHWTs and diseased WHWTs. Given the evidence supporting an association between the lung microbiota and IPF in humans, 111 larger studies in WHWTs with and without CIPF are needed. Not only could such studies provide insight into the pathogenesis, disease progression, and prognosis of dogs with CIPF but WHWT with CIPF also may be of relevance as a large animal model for humans with IPF.…”

Section: Airway Microbiota In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective

Vientós‐Plotts

Ericsson

Reinero

2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Healthy lungs were long thought of as sterile, with presence of bacteria identified by culture representing contamination. Recent advances in metagenomics have refuted this belief by detecting rich, diverse, and complex microbial communities in the healthy lower airways of many species, albeit at low concentrations. Although research has only begun to investigate causality and potential mechanisms, alterations in these microbial communities (known as dysbiosis) have been described in association with inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic respiratory diseases in humans. Similar studies in dogs and cats are scarce. The microbial communities in the respiratory tract are linked to distant microbial communities such as in the gut (ie, the gut‐lung axis), allowing interplay of microbes and microbial products in health and disease. This review summarizes considerations for studying local microbial communities, key features of the respiratory microbiota and its role in the gut‐lung axis, current understanding of the healthy respiratory microbiota, and examples of dysbiosis in selected respiratory diseases of dogs and cats.

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Section: Airway Microbiota In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Airway Microbiota In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective

Vientós‐Plotts

Ericsson

Reinero

2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Since the gut and lungs are formed from the same embryonic tissue, their mucosal tissues have similarities in structure, and physiology [ 22 ]. Potential anatomic communications and complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a gut–lung axis [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: The Microbiome and The Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis

et al. 2022

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The microbiome can trigger and maintain immune-mediated diseases and is associated with the severity and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is the prototype of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The latter can be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective-tissue diseases (CTD). In the present review, we discuss the current evidence regarding microbiome in CTD-ILD and pulmonary vasculitis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the BAL microbiota is significantly less diverse and abundant, compared to healthy controls. These changes are associated with disease severity. In systemic sclerosis (SSc), gastrointestinal (GI)-dysbiosis is associated with ILD. Butyrate acid administration as a means of restoration of GI-microbiota has reduced the degree of lung fibrosis in animal models. Although related studies are scarce for SLE and Sjögren’s syndrome, studies of the gut, oral and ocular microbiome provide insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases. In ANCA-associated vasculitis, disease severity and relapses have been associated with disturbed nasal mucosa microbiota, with immunosuppressive treatment restoring the microbiome changes. The results of these studies suggest however no causal relation. More studies of the lung microbiome in CTD-ILDs are urgently needed, to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases.

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“…In healthy conditions, it is believed that bacteria in the lungs are at low biomass largely reflecting the upper respiratory tract, whereas changes in regional growth conditions, such as nutrients, oxygen, and inflammation, may drive the expansion of bacteria and the onset of pathological conditions ( 5 , 44 , 45 ). For instance, lung dysbiosis has been described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( 46 ), lung cancer ( 47 ), interstitial lung disease ( 48 , 49 ), cystic fibrosis ( 50 , 51 ), asthma ( 52 ), acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ventilator-associated pneumonia ( 53 ), as well as infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis ( 54 ), and may be targeted for therapeutic intervention ( 55 ). In the context of fungal pneumonia, the lung microbiome has been investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collection in patients with proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ( 56 ).…”

Section: The Lung As Final Destinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the nose to the lungs: the intricate journey of airborne pathogens amid commensal bacteria

Costantini

Nunzi

Romani

2022

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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The recent COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically brought the pitfalls of airborne pathogens to the attention of the scientific community. Not only viruses, but also bacteria and fungi may exploit air transmission to colonize and infect potential hosts and be the cause of significant morbidity and mortality in susceptible populations. The efforts to decipher the mechanisms of pathogenicity of airborne microbes have brought to light the delicate equilibrium that governs the homeostasis of mucosal membranes. The microorganisms already thriving in the permissive environment of the respiratory tract represent a critical component of this equilibrium and a potent barrier to infection by means of direct competition with airborne pathogens or indirectly via modulation of the immune response. Moving down the respiratory tract, physicochemical and biological constrains promote site-specific expansion of microbes that engage in cross-talk with the local immune system to maintain homeostasis and promote protection. In this review, we critically assess the site-specific microbial communities that an airborne pathogen encounters in its hypothetical travel along the respiratory tract and discuss the changes in the composition and function of the microbiome in airborne diseases by taking fungal and SARS-CoV-2 infections as examples. Finally, we discuss how the technological and bioinformatics advancements may turn microbiome analysis into a valuable tool in the hands of clinicians to predict the risk of disease onset, the clinical course and the response to treatment of the individual patients in the direction of personalized medicine implementation.

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Lung Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Interstitial Lung Diseases

Cited by 25 publications

References 84 publications

The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective

The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective

The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis

From the nose to the lungs: the intricate journey of airborne pathogens amid commensal bacteria

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