Lung transplant infection

Burguete, Sergio; Maselli, Diego J.; Fernandez, Juan F.; Levine, Stephanie M.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02196.x

Cited by 86 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(405 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Long-term lung transplant outcomes have been linked to prior infection with several other viruses (1, 2, 4). While our subjects were sampled at relatively early time points (median 5 months post-transplant), early post-transplant colonization with other microbial agents has been associated with BOS at later time points (34, 35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the case of lung transplantation, viral infection is a major complicating factor impacting graft survival rates (1–4). Respiratory infections with known viruses can cause direct lung injury or increase risk of graft failure, as in the case of cytomegalovirus and community acquired respiratory viruses (1, 5). Intense interest has thus focused on viruses in the respiratory tract and transplantation outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Viral Metagenomics Reveal Blooms of Anelloviruses in the Respiratory Tract of Lung Transplant Recipients

Young

Chehoud

Bittinger

et al. 2015

American Journal of Transplantation

178

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Few studies have examined the lung virome in health and disease. Outcomes of lung transplantation are known to be influenced by several recognized respiratory viruses, but global understanding of the virome of the transplanted lung is incomplete. To define the DNA virome within the respiratory tract following lung transplantation we carried out metagenomic analysis of allograft bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and compared to healthy and HIV+ subjects. Viral concentrates were purified from BAL and analyzed by shotgun DNA sequencing. All of the BAL samples contained reads mapping to anelloviruses, with high proportions in lung transplant samples. Anellovirus populations in transplant recipients were complex, with multiple concurrent variants. Q-PCR quantification revealed that anellovirus sequences were 56-fold more abundant in BAL from lung transplant recipients compared with healthy controls or HIV+ subjects (p<0.0001). Anellovirus sequences were also more abundant in upper respiratory tract specimens from lung transplant recipients than controls (p=0.006). Comparison to metagenomic data on bacterial populations showed that high anellovirus loads correlated with dysbiotic bacterial communities in allograft BAL (p=0.00816). Thus the respiratory tracts of lung transplant recipients contain high levels and complex populations of anelloviruses, warranting studies of anellovirus lung infection and transplant outcome.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Metagenomics Reveal Blooms of Anelloviruses in the Respiratory Tract of Lung Transplant Recipients

Young

Chehoud

Bittinger

et al. 2015

American Journal of Transplantation

178

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When immunosuppressive therapy is at the highest level, opportunistic organisms such as CMV and fungi account for most of the respiratory infections. Thereafter, community-acquired bacterial and viral infections also develop, although infection with health care-associated organisms remains common11.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Respiratory Infection after Lung Transplantation

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAiming to improve outcome of lung transplantation (LTx) patients, we reviewed risk factors and treatment practices for the LTx recipients who experienced respiratory infection in the late post-LTx period (>1 month after LTx).MethodsWe analyzed the clinical data of 48 recipients and donors from 61 LTx, who experienced late respiratory infections. Late respiratory infections were classified according to the etiology, time of occurrence, and frequency of donor-to-host transmission or colonization of the recipient prior to transplantation.ResultsDuring the period of observation, 42 episodes of respiratory infections occurred. The organisms most frequently involved were gram (-) bacteria: Acinetobacter baumannii (n=13, 31.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=7, 16.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4, 10.0%). Among the 42 episodes recorded, 14 occurred in the late post-LTx period. These were bacterial (n=6, 42.9%), fungal (n=2, 14.3%), viral (n=4, 28.5%), and mycobacterial (n=2, 14.3%) infections. Of 6 bacterial infections, 2 were from multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii and one from each of MDR P. aeruginosa, extended spectrum β-lactamase (+) K. pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infection-related death occurred in 6 of the 14 episodes (43%).ConclusionAlthough the frequency of respiratory infection decreased sharply in the late post-LTx period, respiratory infection was still a major cause of mortality. Gram (-) MDR bacteria were the agents most commonly identified in these infections.

show abstract

“…Some of them suffer from chronic infections in the pretransplantation period (eg, hepatitis C virus in liver recipients and bacterial respiratory tract infection in lung recipients) [2,3]. Not only previous contagion but also intense immunosuppression facilitates bacterial, fungal, and viral infections after transplantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%