Lurking epidemic of hepatitis C virus infection in Iran: A call to action

Taherkhani, Reza; Farshadpour, Fatemeh

doi:10.4254/wjh.v9.i24.1040

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The findings of the present study are in agreement with the genotypic pattern of diabetic patients in the study of Memon et al [4] and Hui et al [26]. After genotype 1a, genotype 3a is the most prevalent genotype in Iran, which is frequently observed among young Iranian patients and intravenous drug users, while genotypes 2 and 4 are uncommon in Iran [11, 27]. Overall, it is not obvious whether the HCV genotype 3a observed in the present study is responsible for the occurrence of DM or whether it merely follows the predominant genotypic pattern of HCV in the region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2018

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Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Subjects and Methods: We included 556 consecutive patients with confirmed type 2 DM attending the Diabetic Clinic of the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences and 733 nondiabetic subjects as controls. Serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TCH), and triglycerides (TG) were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods, and the presence of anti-HCV antibodies was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing was performed on all anti-HCV-seropositive samples. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 17, and descriptive statistics, χ² test, Fisher exact test, and the Student t test were used for analysis. Results: The seroprevalence of HCV in the diabetic patients was 1.98% (11/556), which was higher than HCV prevalence among the nondiabetic controls (4/733, 0.54%) (p = 0.032). No significant differences in ALT, AST, FBS, TG, and TCH levels were found between the HCV-seropositive and HCV-seronegative diabetic patients, although HCV-seropositive diabetic patients tended to have higher ALT, AST, and TCH levels, but lower TG and FBS levels than HCV-seronegative patients. In logistic regression analysis, only AST levels were significantly associated with HCV seropositivity among diabetic patients. The AST level of 41–80 IU/L was the only significant predictive variable for HCV seropositivity in the diabetic patients (odds ratio, 4.89; 95% CI: 1.06–22.49; p = 0.041). Of the 11 HCV-seropositive diabetic patients, 10 (91%) had HCV viremia with genotype 3a. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 DM had a higher prevalence of HCV infection than controls, and HCV seropositivity was independent of biochemical parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2018

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“…A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users (IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection[ 133 , 137 , 139 ]. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCV-infected IDUs are potential sources for the spread of HCV infection in the society[ 133 , 139 - 141 ]. While, silent introduction of HCV infection into the community is a serious threat to the national effort to eliminate HCV infection, a threat that will increase with time.…”

Section: Remaining Challenges To Eliminating Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global elimination of hepatitis C virus infection: Progresses and the remaining challenges

Taherkhani¹,

Farshadpour²

2017

WJH

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Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users (IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCV-infected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.

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“…Scholars point out that government intervention measures [ 1 – 5 ], public knowledge of epidemic prevention and control [ 6 ], cautious attitude towards epidemic [ 7 ], trust in information [ 8 ], and risk awareness [ 9 ] will affect the control of epidemic. Moreover, the effectiveness of the new management model of the government [ 10 ] and how to control the spread of infectious diseases effectively from the perspective of law enforcement [ 11 , 12 ] have been studied. From the perspective of the government and the public, the above scholars have analyzed and summarized the prevention and control of the epidemic by using qualitative methods at the macro level, providing experience for the study of the COVID-19 epidemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Game analysis on the evolution of COVID-19 epidemic under the prevention and control measures of the government

2020

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In this paper, the interaction strategies and the evolutionary game analysis of the actions taken by the government and the public in the early days of the epidemic are incorporated into the natural transmission mechanism model of the epidemic, and then the transmission frequency equations of COVID-19 epidemic is established. According to the cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK and China, the upper limit of the spread of COVID-19 in different evolutionary scenarios is set. Using SPSS to perform logistic curve fitting, the frequency fitting equations of cumulative confirmed cases under different evolution scenarios are obtained respectively. The analysis result shows that the emergency response strategy adopted by the government in the early days of the epidemic can effectively control the spread of the epidemic. Combined with the transmission frequency equation of COVID-19 epidemic, measures taken by the government are analyzed. The influence of each measure on the frequency variable is judged and then the influence on the spread of the epidemic is obtained. Finally, based on the above analysis, the government is advised to adhere to the principles of scientific, initiative and flexibility when facing major epidemics.

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Lurking epidemic of hepatitis C virus infection in Iran: A call to action

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Global elimination of hepatitis C virus infection: Progresses and the remaining challenges

Game analysis on the evolution of COVID-19 epidemic under the prevention and control measures of the government

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