Luteinizing Hormone Regulation in the Monkey (Macaca nemestrina): Failure of Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone to Block the Estrogen-Induced Gonadotropin Surge1

Steiner, Robert A.; Schiller, Harvey S.; Barber, Jacquey; Gale, C

doi:10.1095/biolreprod19.1.51

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although oestrogen-induced LH release has also been described in gonadectomized male rhesus monkeys and pig-tailed macaques (Steiner et al, 1978) (Kulin & Reiter, 1976) and homosexual men (Dörner et al, 1975) control LH levels in 6 gonadectomized males (oil injection).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since oestrogen will induce LH release in orchidectomized but not in intact macaque monkeys (Yamaji et al, 1971;Steiner et al, 1978), it has been suggested (Knobil, 1974) (Longcope, Kato & Horton, 1969) or by neural tissue (Naftolin et al, 1975), and other testicular androgens may be more effective in inhibiting oestrogen-induced LH release. For this reason, dihydrotestosterone, a potent reduced -ring metabolite of testosterone which is not convertible to oestradiol-17ß or other known oestrogens (Ito & Horton, 1971), was also tested for its ability to abolish positive feedback.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In primates, however, it has been shown that the mechanism controlling the positive feedback response is not sexually differentiated to the same extent (Goy & Resko, 1972;Knobil, 1974). Castrated (but not intact) male rhesus and pig-tailed macaques chronically treated with low doses of oestrogen will release LH in response to an additional oestrogen stimulus Steiner, Clifton, Spies & Resko, 1976;Steiner, Schiller, Barber & Gale, 1978). Oestrogen-induced LH release has also been reported in man by some workers (Dörner, Rohde, Stahl, Krell & Masius, 1975;Kulin & Reiter, 1976) but not by others (Van Look, Hunter, Corker & Baird, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of oestrogen-induced LH release in male and female marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)

Hodges¹

1980

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of oestrogen-induced LH release in male and female marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)

Hodges¹

1980

Reproduction

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“…The reported inability of estrogen to facilitate LH secretion in males with gonads in some primate species has been attributed to the potent inhibitory action of a testicular hormone on the responsiveness of the neuroendocrine axis to estrogen (8). The identity of this testicular factor is not known, although evidence from male macaques (8) suggests that it is neither testosterone nor dihydrotestosterone.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response : Neuroendocrine Response to Estrogen and Sexual Orientation

Gladue¹

1985

Science

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marmosets (4), estradiol stimulated similar increments in serum LH concentrations in both males and females, provided the animals were gonadectomized at the time estrogen was given. No such estrogen-induced surge in LH was seen in male macaques with gonads (5). Daily intramuscular injections of 1.5 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) into four castrated men of unspecified sexual orientation caused a significant depression in serum LH, followed by a significant surge in LH secretion 120 hours after the onset of treatment (6). This EB-induced stimulation of LH secretion resembled the effects of estrogen in women with gonads (7). Daily EB injections caused smaller, but statistically significant, increases in serum LH within 96 hours in men with gonads (n = 6, sexual orientation not specified) (6). These findings strongly suggest that in male primates (heterosexual men included) the neuroendocrine mechanism mediating positive feedback effects of estrogen on LH secretion is not appreciably "defeminized" during sexual differentiation.The reported inability of estrogen to facilitate LH secretion in males with gonads in some primate species has been attributed to the potent inhibitory action of a testicular hormone on the responsiveness of the neuroendocrine axis to estrogen (8). The identity of this testicular factor is not known, although evidence from male macaques (8) suggests that it is neither testosterone nor dihydrotestosterone. It is possible that the heightened concentrations of LH observed by Gladue et al. (1) Psychoendocrine studies in humans are rarely singularly definitive and allconclusive, particularly in such a complex research area as behavioral psychobiology involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In our report (1) the main objective was to experimentally evaluate earlier suggestions by Dorner and his colleagues that a neuroendocrine response difference might exist related to differences in sexual orientation. It was those earlier reports that suggested adult LH response differences might reflect subtle differences in prenatal sexual differentiation and that those developmental influences were on the central nervous system. We found a differential response pattern in LH among the homosexual men that suggests a neuroendocrine responsiveness between that of the heterosexual men and the heterosexual women. We also discovered that some testicular differences might exist because testosterone concentrations also differed when estrogen was administered. We noted that those findings invite "the idea that there may be physiological developmental components in the sexual orientation of some homosexual men" and that "even though a developmental relation between neuroendocrine response and sexual orientation is not certain, our findings are not inconsistent with suck an interpretation" (1). Our objective then, and now, is to understand those physiological components that may be involved in psychosexual development.However, there can be alternative explanations and interpretations of these data, as we cauti...

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“…The identity of this testicular factor is not known, although evidence from male macaques (8) suggests that it is neither testosterone nor dihydrotestosterone. It is possible that the heightened concentrations of LH observed by Gladue Psychoendocrine studies in humans are rarely singularly definitive and allconclusive, particularly in such a complex research area as behavioral psychobiology involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.…”

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confidence: 99%