Lymphocyte migration studies

Abstract

-For maintenance of immunity and tolerance, the organs and tissues of the organism are connected by migrating lymphoid cells. Understanding lymphocyte migration is essential for many disorders and diseases -especially in the mucosa-lined organs. Detailed analyses of migrating lymphocytes have been performed in many species, especially in laboratory animals. However, important experiments in lymphocyte migration have been carried out in large animals, for example sheep, cattle and pigs. These species allow experimental procedures like in situ-organ labelling, lymphocyte retransfusion studies or lymph vessel cannulations. Such studies have made an important contribution to the understanding of the overall principles of lymphocyte migration especially in the mucosal immune system. Major results on the specific migration of naïve and memory T cells through lymphoid organs, the re-distribution of γ/δ T cells in the intestinal immune system and the emigration of newly produced B cells from the ileal Peyer's patches have been obtained in large animals. Since there are growing numbers of markers for large animals, and molecular biology methods are available in these species, experiments in large animals will be an essential tool for the understanding of lymphocyte migration especially in mucosal organs.

Quantitative immunohistochemical assessment of IgA, IgM, IgG and antigen-specific immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells in pig small intestinal lamina propria

“…The distribution is not uniform even along the villus-crypt axis: in suckling piglets both IgAand IgM-containing PCs are more numerous in the lamina propria around the crypt, than in the villus lamina propria (Allen and Porter, 1973). This feature is consistent with the "physiology" to concentrate IgA-secreting cells at this level: primed lymphocytes migrate here, as reported by Bimczok and Rothkötter (2006), from post-capillary venules of the lamina propria, that are numerous around the crypts. Another possible explanation is related to the distribution of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the intestine (Marsilio et al, 2011).…”

Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

“…In this study, we intended to further explore interactions between CSFV and DC in infected pigs. DC activation was investigated (i) in the tonsil, the primo-site of infection, (ii) in blood, that gives greater place to leukocyte migration than lymph in the pig, (iii) in the spleen, a secondary lymphoid organ of importance due to its ability to filter the leukocyte containing blood, especially after infections [8]. We report findings about variations in DC frequency, location, phenotype and cytokine expressions in the early time course post-inoculation.…”

Peripheral Blood CD4 and CD8 Double-Positive T Cells of Rhesus Macaques Become Vulnerable to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by In Vitro Stimulation Due to the Induction of CCR5

“…Naïve lymphocytes recirculate through secondary lymphoid organs where priming occurs, followed by homing to effector sites [3]. Lymphocytes in the bloodstream are activated when they are passing through these lymphoid organs.…”