Lymphomas of the breast. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of primary and secondary cases

Abstract

Primary mammary lymphoma is rare, and little is known about the immunophenotype of such cases. The authors studied both primary and secondary breast lymphomas with a broad panel of T‐ and B‐cell markers using paraffinembedded tissue and the avidin–biotin immunoperoxidase method. Cases of primary B‐cell lymphoma were further tested to determine light and heavy chain type. Thirty‐five cases were analyzed, including 16 primary lymphomas. Diffuse large cell lymphoma was present in ten of 16 primary and 14 of 18 secondary cases. Lymphoepithelial lesions in ducts and lobules and frequent vascular involvement were found in both primary and secondary cases. Immunohistochemistry studies on 13 tumors revealed all of the primary tumors to be B‐cell in origin, except for one case of primary T‐cell lymphoma; to the authors' knowledge, this represents the first description of this entity. Fifteen of 17 secondary tumors exhibited B‐cell markers and one of 17 exhibited T‐cell markers; in only one case could lineage not be determined. Among primary B‐cell cases, IgM was found to be the most frequent heavy chain type; IgA reactivity was found in only one case. Survival was related to stage and histologic characteristics; patients with Stage II disease and higher grade histologic lesions had a worse prognosis. Half of the patients with primary lymphoma have had recurrent disease. Although local recurrences were observed, the authors also saw a tendency for recurrence in other extranodal sites. The authors conclude that, although primary lymphoma of the breast is compatible with long‐term survival, a significant number of patients eventually die of their disease. As with other extranodal lymphomas, survival rate appears most related to stage of disease. Also, the vast majority of primary tumors are B‐cell in origin, express IgM heavy chain, and can be considered tumors of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue.

Primary breast non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: A large single center study of initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors

“…The initial features of the 38 high-grade NHL patients included in our study were compared with reported data in Table III [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In our series and in these reports, almost all cases had a B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which was high-grade in about 80% of cases (range: 50-100%), and particularly of DLBCLs.…”

“…First described in 1959 [1], primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare site of this disease, representing less than 1% of all NHL [2][3][4][5][6] and about 2% of extra-nodal presentations [2,4,5,[7][8][9]. In the same way, NHL are rare malignant tumors of the breast, representing less than 1% of all breast cancers [2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…In the same way, NHL are rare malignant tumors of the breast, representing less than 1% of all breast cancers [2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. Because of its clinical presentation that often mimics breast cancer, the diagnosis of PBL was not particularly delayed.…”

T-Cell Lymphoma Presenting in the Breast: A Histologic, Immunophenotypic and Molecular Genetic Study of Four Cases

“…Peripheral T-cell lymphomas compose less than 15% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (51) and are extremely rare in the breast, representing 0.04 to 0.5% of all breast malignancies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). T-cell lymphomas, particularly nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas, have an aggressive course and usually present with generalized disease, although some subtypes may be less malevolent in behavior (51).…”

“…Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the breast is uncommon, composing 0.04 to 0.5% of all malignant breast tumors (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Most primary breast lymphomas are of B-cell phenotype or have not been immunophenotyped; only rare cases have been reported as T-cell in series of lymphomas of the breast .…”