Mononuclear cells with the structural features of lymphocytes are especially numerous in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) 1 reaction sites, in allografts undergoing rejection, and in the lesions of certain autoimmune diseases (1-4). The origin of these "small round cells" and their possible role in cell-mediated immunity have been the subject of an unduly prolonged debate, based mainly upon morphological evidence. But the issue cannot be resolved by morphological analysis, because the small round cells in exudates ultimately derive from a heterogeneous population of blood-borne lymphocytes. The latter differ with respect to turnover (5), circulating life-span (5, 6), and possibly with respect to origin and function.In an earlier study, using normal nonimmunized rats (7), it was found that a portion of the small mononuclear cells in peritoneal exudates induced by casein derive from newly formed lymphocytes which enter the blood by way of the thoracic duct. Small lymphocytes of the kind which have a slow turnover rate and a potentially long circulating life-span were excluded, although cells of this type comprise approximately 90% of those normally present in central 1)ralph (8). Results of the present investigation reaffirm and extend these observations by showing that newly formed lymphocytes from rats infected with Listeria monocytogenes can move in substantial numbers into exudates induced by casein bacteria. The disposition of these lymphocytes assumes impgrtance when one considers that they include the specific mediators of cellular resistance to infection (6). The ability of specifically committed lymphocytes to localize in inflammatory foci provides a plausible explanation for the protective property of