Lysergic-Acid-Diethylamide and Cannabis as Possible Teratogens in Man

Hecht, Frederick; Beals, RodneyK; Lees, MartinH.; Jolly, Hugh; Roberts, Patricia

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)91569-9

Cited by 78 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In extended studies among marijuana users, no significant increase in minor or major anomalies has been identified (25), although sporadic case reports of congenital anomalies have been reported (26). In studies on rats, limb reduction defects as well as other congenital anomalies were found (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal factors, medications, and drug exposure in congenital limb reduction defects.

Froster

Baird

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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As part of an ongoing study on all limb reduction defects occurring among 1,213,913 consecutive live births in the province of British Columbia, Canada, during 1952-1984, cases with documented maternal drug exposure and chronic maternal diseases were analyzed separately. This population-based study was made possible through the existence of an ongoing Health Surveillance Registry, which documents all infants born with congenital, genetic, or chronically handicapping conditions in the province of British Columbia. Strict rules of confidentiality are obeyed. For this part of the analysis of limb reduction defects, cases with documented maternal illness, drug abuse, and exposure to environmental hazards early in pregnancy were analyzed as a separate group to identify specific, recurring patterns of anomalies. A total of 51 cases with possibly related maternal factors were identified. Among them were five cases with maternal epilepsy, four cases with documented maternal diabetes, and three cases with uterine anomalies. Three infants, all born in 1962, had documented thalidomide exposure. It is rarely possible to identify particular teratogenic factors or specific maternal factors as etiologically related to the pattern of limb reduction defects or a spectrum of congenital malformations. Exposure to environmental factors during pregnancy is not reliably registered and can thus only occasionally be ascertained in retrospective studies. This means that very large numbers of cases and cross-referencing to other family members are required to assess whether a potential teratogen is related to limb defects or not.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal factors, medications, and drug exposure in congenital limb reduction defects.

Froster

Baird

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The gestational use of cannabis was mentioned in five previous reports of congenital malformations [26][27][28][29][30], In all of these reports, the mothers had also taken lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other drugs during some stage of their pregnancies, confounding assignment of the specific effect of marihuana. Disclosure by 4 mothers in the present report of their addiction to marihuana while categorically denying use of alcohol or other drugs (apart from tobacco) lends credence to their histories and clearly associates marihuana with untoward consequences for offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities in Offspring Associated with Prenatal Marihuana Exposure

et al. 1985

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5 newborn infants, whose mothers acknowledged steady use of marihuana prior to and during pregnancies, displayed symptoms of intrauterine growth retardation, neurological problems, and abnormal morphogenesis. These findings fit in with the experimental studies and surveys of pregnant human populations which have indicated that cannabis products have teratogenic potential, though rigorous proof must await further information.

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“…Data are accumulating on the occurrence of congenitally malformed children born to parents who had taken lysergide during pregnancy (Zellweger et al, 1967 ;Hecht et al, 1968). Egozcue et al (1968) found a " Ph'-like " chromosome in three users of the drug and in the progeny of four others, and Grossbard et al (1968) reported the case of a patient with acute leukaemia and a " Ph'-like " chromosome, who had been taking lysergide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%